大理市退耕还林农户可持续生计能力研究

Research on Sustainable Livelihood Ability of Farmers Returning Farmland to Forest in Dali City

乡村振兴背景下云南省大理市迎来了新一轮退耕还林政策的实施。在实现乡村"生态宜居"的基础上,也要更加关注退耕农户可持续生计能力的发展。可持续生计分析框架在研究农户生计问题上受到了国内外学者的普遍认可,本文基于该分析框架,以大理市退耕还林农户作为研究对象,通过运用层次分析法对比计量农户退耕前后生计资本的变化,并从资本积累能力、就业能力、社会风险应对能力三个方面去评价农户的可持续生计能力。研究发现,农户退耕后除自然资本下降外,物质资本、人力资本、金融资本和社会资本都有所上升,但是由于人力资本在退耕前后并无太大变化,抑制了退耕农户生计能力的进一步发展,应着重于以人力资本为主线去提高农户可持续生计的发展。

Under the background of Rural Revitalization,a new policy of returning farmland to forests in Dali Yunnan province has been issued and implemented.On the basis of the realization of “Ecological habitability” in Rural areas,we should also pay more attention to the development of the sustainable livelihood ability of the returning farmers.The framework of sustainable livelihood analysis has been generally recognized by scholars at home and abroad in the study of farmers livelihood.Based on the framework,this paper takes the farmers returning farmland to forest in Dali as the research object,compares and measures the changes of farmers livelihood capital before and after returning farmland by using AHP,and evaluates the sustainable livelihood ability of farmers from three aspects:capital accumulation ability,employment ability and social risk coping ability.The study found that the physical capital,human capital,financial capital and social capital all increased in addition to the decline of natural capital.However,human capital has not changed much before and after the return of farmland,so it has inhibited the further development of farmers livelihood ability.Therefore,we should focus on the human capital as the main line to improve the sustainable livelihood development of farmers.