1930年代东亚对周作人的评价——以丁来东的周作人评论为例

East Asian Scholars' Evaluation on Zhou Zuoren in 1930s: Taking Chung Lae-Dong's Evaluation as Example

周作人从1920—40年代与韩国文人和知识阶层有过持续的接触和交流,堪称中国文人中最关心韩国文化的一位。他学习韩国语,还高度评价韩国的艺术价值,支持韩国的独立,积极肯定韩国的文化认同。当时韩国人也和周作人这位中国新文学主要作家频繁进行交流,关注他的文学活动及思想观念,并把他介绍给韩国,有时予以评论。最值得瞩目的是1920、30年代在北京留学的丁来东(1903—1985)发表的《周作人与中国新文学》(1934年9、10月)。这篇文章系统、全面地对周作人进行了评论和介绍。丁来东对投靠日本帝国主义以前的周作人的文学活动及思想立场集中进行了探讨,并给予了相当高的评价。由于丁来东的文章出现,从那以后韩国读者们对作为中国有代表性的现代作家周作人有了多方面的了解。丁来东的周作人评论是和中国、日本的周作人研究同时进行的。丁来东于1934年5月结束了北京留学生活最终回国,他可能已经了解到从那年4月初开始展开的对周作人《五十自寿诗》的争论。而倾向于无政府主义文艺论,对马克思主义持批判态度的丁来东与周作人在意识形态上达成一致,产生了共鸣,而且当时韩国无产阶级文学运动没落的现实等各种变化因素重叠在一起,使丁来东对周作人的文学活动和思想态度更加关注。结果是丁来东通读了周作人的许多作品和著作之后,发表了《周作人与中国新文学》,这篇文章包含了对周作人的人生文学观、言志文学观、周作人散文创作的特点及成果、周作人丰富的阅读修养、以内容与思想为中心的白话文学论、批判国民文学和无产阶级文学的思想立场、周作人对小品文这一成为现代文学顶峰的文学体裁的提倡、对民间文艺的重视以及具有包容性的文艺批评态度等大量内容,这在当时来说可谓是相当系统全面的评论。苏雪林的《周作人先生研究》是1934年12月发表的,增田涉的《周作人论》是1935年9月发表的,而丁来东的《周作人与中国新文学》是在早于他们的1934年9、10月间就已经发表了,这一点也有必要予以关注。虽然丁来东对周作人的评论不是长期持续进行的,但却是在较早时期进行,而且在韩国又是首次系统全面地评论了周作人,因此这在东亚的周作人研究史上是具有一定的意义的。

From 1920 s to 1940 s, Zhou Zuoren had continuous communication with Korean intelligentsia. He payed most attention to Korean literature. He learned Korean language, gave high evaluation to Korean artistic value, supported Korean independence movement and appreciated Korean cultural identity. Korean writers also communicated with Zhou Zuoren frequently, payed attention to his literal activities and opinions and introduced him to Korean people. Sometimes,they evaluated his works. The most outstanding one was Chung Lae-Dong, who studied in Peking University in 1920 s and1930s. He published Zhou Zuoren and Chinese New Literature in September or October in 1934. This essay was written after his reading to all works of Zhou Zuoren. He evaluated and introduced Zhou Zuoren systematically and generally.Chung Lae-Dong gave high evaluation to Zhou Zuoren ’s literal activities and opinions before he gave himself up to the Japanese imperialist. Thanks to Chung Lae-Dong’s essay, Korean readers began to know Zhou Zuoren as representative Chinese modern writer. Chung Lae-Dong’s evaluation and his research carried out simultaneously. He ended up his study in Beijing in May,1934 and went back to Korea. At that time, he may know controversy about Zhou Zuoren’s Wu Shi Zi Shou Shi. Chung Lae-Dong, who preferred anarchism theory of literature and art and had critical attitude to Marxism,agreed with Zhou Zuoren’s opinion. Moreover, realities as decline of proletariat literature movement in Korea also promoted Chung Lae-Dong’s attention to Zhou Zuoren’s literal activities and opinions. Zhou Zuoren and Chinese New Literature included Zhou Zuoren’s life literature attitude, express aspiration literature attitude, literature creation characteristics and achievements, abundant reading cultivation, vernacular literature theory centered with contents and expressions, attitudes to criticize national literature and proletariat literature, appreciation to essay as literature style,attention to folk literature and art, comprehensive literary and art criticism attitude. This was really systematical evaluation at that time. Su Xuelin’s Research on Zhou Zuoren was Published in December, 1934. Masuda Wataru’s Discussion on Zhou Zuoren was published in September, 1935. Chung Lae-Dong’s Zhou Zuoren and Chinese New Literature was published in September or October in 1934. Although Chung Lae-Dong didn’t study on Zhou Zuoren in long time continuously, his studied on Zhou Zuoren in earlier time. He was the first one who evaluated Zhou Zuoren systematically in Korea. Therefore, Chung Lae-Dong’ research on Zhou Zuoren is significant in the research history of Zhou Zuoren.