反身公平与横向公平:民众社会公平比较对象选择的影响因素分析

Vertical Fairness and Horizontal Fairness: An Analysis of Factors Influencing Referent Selection in Social Fairness

民众在对社会公平状况进行评价时会选择特定的对象进行比较,相应的比较对象可以分为反身公平和横向公平两个维度。社会公平比较对象的选择会受到主观和客观等因素的影响。基于问卷调查数据对民众社会公平比较对象选择影响因素的研究表明,在反身公平维度上,个人收入水平越高就越倾向于同自己过去的收入水平进行比较,受教育程度越高就越不倾向于同过去的收入水平进行比较,与西部地区民众相比,中部地区民众更愿意同自己过去的收入水平进行比较。在横向公平维度上,个人收入水平越高就越倾向于同自己条件相似的对象进行比较,受教育程度越高就越倾向于同自己条件相似的对象进行比较,城镇户籍人口比农村户籍人口更倾向于同自己条件相似的对象进行比较,国有部门工作人员更倾向于同自己条件相似的对象进行比较。相关研究发现有助于更好地理解社会公平认知状况。

When people evaluate social equity,they will choose specific referent.The referent can be divided into two dimensions:vertical fairness and horizontal fairness.The choice of referent will be influenced by subjective and objective factors.Based on the questionnaire data,the research on the influencing factors of referent selection shows that,on vertical fairness,the higher the level of personal income is,the more likely it is to compare with past income level;the higher the level of education is,the less likely it is to compare with past income level;compared with the people in the western region,the people in the central region are more willing to compare with past income level.On horizontal fairness,the higher the level of personal income is,the more inclined to compare with similar conditions;the higher the level of education is,the more inclined to compare with similar conditions;urban household registration population is more inclined to compare with similar conditions than rural household registration one;state-owned sector staff are more inclined to compare with those of the similar conditions.Relevant research findings contribute to a better understanding of the cognitive status of social fairness.