技法与德性:明代七子派“诗文如何书写”探研

An Exploration on Qizi School's “How to write verse and prose” in Ming Dynasty

明代七子派在谈诗论文中重点关注了诗文如何书写这一问题,从李梦阳"尺尺寸寸"、何景明"舍筏登岸"到李攀龙"拟议以成其变化"、王世贞"文至临摹则丑矣",七子派的诗文复古经历了由"拟议"到"新创"的不断修正过程。在这一过程中有关诗文书写的起点是拟议还是新创的论争尤为激烈,成为明清诸诗文流派讨论的焦点。七子派成员从不同层面给予不同阐发,甚至追随七子派的陈子龙、沈德潜以及桐城派对这一问题也予以重点关注。围绕这一问题七子派与其他诗文流派在模拟与新创、有法与无法、直径与曲径等问题上有过论争,公安派又在此基础上将诗文书写由注重技术技巧的技法问题转化为宣泄情感情绪的情感问题,沈德潜等又将之提升为人格修养的德性问题。

In the discussion of poetry and literature,Qizi School of Ming Dynasty focuses on how to write the verse and prose,rather than how to"copy"the predecessors.From the"size"of Li Mengyang,"give up the boat and board the land"of He Jingming to"Copying articles is ugly"of Wang Shizhen,poetry retro of Qizi School has gone through a correction process from"proposal"to"new creation".In this process,the debate that the starting point of poetic writing is proposal or new creation is particularly fierce,which has become the focus of discussion in the genres of poetry in the Ming and Qing dynasties.The members of Qizi School sent different treatises from different levels,and even focused on Chen Zilong,Shen Deqian and Tongcheng School who followed Qizi School.In this regard,the Qizi School mainly discussed the issues of simulation and new creation,law and freedom,diameter and winding path,subsequently,the Gongan School translated the discussion about writing in the verse and prose of Qizi School from emphasis on technical skills into emotional emotion,Shen Deqian later raised it to the issue of personality cultivation.