人工制氢及氢工业在我国“能源自主”中的战略地位

Strategic role of the synthetic hydrogen production and industry in Energy Independence of China

全球正经历从化石能源向氢能等非化石能源过渡的第三次能源体系重大转换期。为给我国实现能源体系转型和"能源自主"战略目标提供参考,综述了国内外氢工业的发展现状和发展趋势,探讨了人工制氢、储氢技术的发展途径,明确了氢工业的战略地位。研究结果表明:(1)发展氢工业,是优化能源结构、保障国家能源安全的战略选择,在实现我国"能源自主"的战略中占有重要地位;(2)全球氢工业发展初具规模,人工制氢仍主要依靠化石资源,煤炭地下气化制氢符合我国的国情,具有较大的发展潜力;(3)与氢工业相结合的新能源,将是未来能源消费的主体;(4)电解水制氢将贯穿于氢工业发展的全过程;(5)安全、高效储运氢技术是氢能实用化的关键,液态储氢将是未来主要的储氢方式。结论和建议:(1)氢工业基础设施建设处于起步阶段,但发展迅速;(2)我国发展氢工业,近期应在煤炭地下气化制氢方面取得突破,初步形成产业链;(3)中期促使氢工业成为新的经济增长点和新能源战略的重要组成部分;(4)远期力推氢能成为我国能源生产与消费结构的重要组成部分,力争实现"氢能中国",依靠新能源等实现国家"能源自主"。

We are now experiencing the global third energy transition from fossil to non-fossil fuels such as hydrogen energy.In order to provide some reference for decision makers to strive for energy transformation and energy independence in China,we first overviewed the status and developing trend of hydrogen industry at home and abroad,then discussed the development ways of synthetic hydrogen production and storage technologies,and finally emphasized the strategic position of hydrogen industry.The following findings were achieved.(1) To develop the hydrogen industry is a strategic choice to optimize the energy structure and guarantee the national energy security,and will play an important role in achieving the goal of energy independence in China.(2) The global hydrogen industry has reached a certain scale,and fossil energy resources are still the main raw materials for hydrogen production;hydrogen made from in-situ coal gasification accords with the national condition of China,showing a great potential.(3) New energy sources integrated with hydrogen energy will be the main trend of future energy consumption.(4) Hydrogen production from electrolytic water will go through the whole process of hydrogen industry.(5) Safe and high-efficiency hydrogen storage is the key to the practical application of hydrogen energy and liquid hydrogen storage will be the dominated way in the future.On this basis,the following conclusions and proposals were put forward.(1) Although the infrastructure is still at the initial stage,the hydrogen industry is developing fast.(2) In the short run,breakthrough will be made in hydrogen production from the in-situ coal gasification and such hydrogen industry chain will be preliminarily formed.(3) In the middle run,hydrogen industry will be driven to be a new economic growth point and play an important role in new energy strategies.(4) In the long run,hydrogen energy will be such an important part in the energy mix that not only "Hydrogen China" but "Energy Independence of China" will be both achieved with the assistance of new energy sources.