骨形态发生蛋白和Wnt信号通路在心脏发育及生物起搏中的研究进展

Research Progress of BMP and Wnt Signaling Pathway in Cardiac Development and Biological Pacemaker

心脏胚胎发育过程由骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)、Wnt、Notch等信号通路共同调控,其中BMP和Wnt信号通路是心脏胚胎发育过程中两条重要的信号通路。BMP通过由转化生长因子-β超家族转导的Smad和TAK1两条信号途径诱导胚胎干细胞向心肌细胞分化。Wnt信号通路对胚胎发育、细胞极性决定、细胞特异性分化、心血管系统发育具有重要的调控作用,在心脏胚胎发育早期促进中胚层的形成,在后期抑制其向心肌细胞分化;但这两条信号通路共同诱导干细胞向心肌细胞分化的效率高于BMP或Wnt信号通路的诱导效率。BMP和Wnt信号通路共同诱导干细胞分化的心肌细胞,不仅为药物实验、心脏疾病研究提供体外模型,而且也为构建生物起搏器提供重要基础。

The development of cardiac embryos is jointly regulated by BMP,Wnt,Notch,FGF and other signaling pathways,among which BMP and Wnt signaling pathways are two important signaling pathways.The BMP members belonging to the TGF-β super family,induce pluripotent stem cells into differentiation of myocardial cells by the Smad and TAK1 signaling pathways.Wnt signal pathway in embryo differentiation,cell polarity decision,cell specialization and the development of cardiovascular has important regulatory effects that promotes the formation of mesoderm in the heart early embryonic development,and inhibits the mature of myocardial cells later.However,the combination of BMP and Wnt signaling pathway differentiates stem cells into cardiac myocytes more efficiently than the induction efficiency of BMP or Wnt signaling pathways.And the interaction of BMP and Wnt signaling pathways regulating the differentiation of the stem cells into cardiomyocytes,not only provides in vitro model for the research on drug experiments and heart disease,but also the important foundation for constructing biological pacemaker.