富锦国家湿地公园的轮虫群落结构及水质评价

Community Structure of Rotifers and Evaluation of Water Quality in Fujin National Wetland Park

【目的】对富锦国家湿地公园的轮虫群落结构和水环境因子进行监测,了解湿地内轮虫的群落结构特征及水环境特征,并对湿地公园的水质进行综合评价。【方法】2015年5—10月在富锦国家湿地公园设置11个采样点,使用浮游生物网于春、夏、秋季采集轮虫样品,显微镜下鉴定计数,并测定水样的理化指标,采用轮虫的指示种和生物多样性指数及水体营养状态指数法评价水质。【结果】在富锦国家湿地公园共采集到轮虫16属37种;春、夏、秋季共有优势种为萼花臂尾轮虫、月形腔轮虫和月形单趾轮虫;丰度变化在52～264个·L^(-1)之间,生物量变化在0.042 4～0.212 9 mg·L^(-1)之间;在多样性指数中,Shannon-Wiener指数变化在1.698～3.262之间,Wargalef指数变化在0.590～1.480之间,Pielou均匀度指数变化在0.583～0.927之间。富锦国家湿地公园水体的平均营养状态指数在夏季最高,春季最低;在11个采样点中,平均营养状态指数最高的是沟渠进入公园入口的7号样点,各采样点平均值为51.08。【结论】基于对轮虫指示种、多样性指数和综合营养状态指数的综合分析,富锦国家湿地公园的水质2015年处于中营养或轻度富营养化状态。

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the rotifer community structure and water environmental factors in Fujin National Wetland Park,and give a comprehensive evaluation for the water quality of this wetland park.【Method】Eleven sampling sites were established in Fujin National Wetland Park.We used the plankton nets to collect the samples in these sites from May to October in 2015 and then identified them under the microscope.Meanwhile we tested the physicochemical index of the wetland water.The biodiversity index and trophic state index were used to evaluate the water quality.【Result】The result showed that 37 rotifer species belonging to 16 genera were detected in Fujin National Wetland Park.The common dominant species in three seasons of Spring,Summer and Autumn were Brachionus calyciflorus,Lecane luna and Monostyia lunaris.The abundance and biomass of the rotifers varied in the range of 52-264 ind·L^-1 and 0.042 4-0.212 9 mg·L^-1 respectively.The diversity indexes of Shannon-Wiener,Margalef and Pielou were in the range of 1.698-3.262,0.590-1.480,0.583-0.927,respectively.The average trophic state index in Fujin National Wetland Park water was the highest in summer,and the lowest in spring.In the 11 sampling points,the highest trophic state index occoured at the No.7 sampling point where water enters the park from a ditch.The average trophic state index of the 11 points was 51.08.【Conclusion】From the analysis of the indicator species,the diversity index and the comprehensive index,it was concluded that the water quality was at a level of middle nutrition or slight eutrophication in Fujin National Wetland Park,2015.