松材线虫病死木皮下的南京隐翅虫(鞘翅目:隐翅虫科)

Homalota nanjingensis(Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) Under Bark of Dead Pine Trees Infected by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

【目的】南京隐翅虫是在受松材线虫病危害的病死木皮下发现的隐翅虫新种,与小蠹、天牛等多种次期性害虫的时间和空间生态位跟随关系密切,具有作为媒介昆虫防治蛀干害虫的潜力。研究南京隐翅虫不同发育阶段个体的形态特征、成虫的食性及昼夜活动节律,能够为进一步的研究和应用提供参考。【方法】室内观察南京隐翅虫不同发育阶段个体的形态特征,通过人工饲养并结合口器解剖研究南京隐翅虫成虫的食性;应用"陷阱法"观察试虫的昼夜活动节律。【结果】南京隐翅虫幼虫为寡足型,口器咀嚼式,胸足发达,蛹为裸蛹,成虫体长1.5～2.0 mm,身体狭长平行,头、中后胸、腹部6～8节颜色较深,身体其他部分浅黄色。成虫喜食人为杀死的跳虫成虫、蝇科幼龄幼虫及天牛幼虫,对于小蠹科、象甲科、叩甲科、蚁科、蠼螋科的幼虫尸体表现出取食行为,试验过程中并未观察到捕食其他生物活体。室内南京隐翅虫成虫昼夜活动节律高峰期分别是8:00—11:00以及20:00—22:00。【结论】南京隐翅虫成虫为尸食性,其昼夜活动节律受温度影响较大。

【Objective】Homalota nanjingensis is a new species found under the bark of Pinus massoniana infected by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.There were high spatial and temporal encountering probabilities between the H.nanjingensis and the main secondary pests(such as species of Cerambycidae and Scolytidae),showing obvious following phenomenon.Thus,H.nanjingensis could be used as carrier insect with pathogenic organisms to control trunk-boring pest.The investigation of the morphological characteristics,adult feeding habits,and circadian activity rhythm of H.nanjingensis at different developmental stages was conducted in this study to provide references for further research and application.【Method】The morphological characteristics of H.nanjingensis larva,pupa,adult were observed and described.Adult feeding habits were studied by indoor-rearing and mouthparts-dissection.The circadian activity rhythm was detected by using“pitfall traps”.【Result】Experimental investigation showed that H.nanjingensis larva are oligopod,chewing mouthparts,well-developed baenopoda,exarate pupa.The body length is about 1.5-2.0 mm,and body is strongly flattened dorsoventrally,and parallel-sided;The head,elytra and abdominal tergite have VI-Ⅷsegments with dark brown color,and the other parts of the body are yellowish brown.The adults preferred to feed artificially killed springtails,young maggots and larvae of long-horned beetle.When very hungry,it also fed on larvae of Scolytidae,Curculionidae,Elateridae,Formicidae,Labiduridae.We have not found that they preyed on living organisms in the course of experiment.Circadian activity rhythm of H.nanjingensis adult showed two peak hours:8:00-11:00 am and 20:00-22:00 pm.【Conclusion】Homalota nanjingensis adult is necrophagy,and its circadian rhythm is influenced by temperature.