乒乓球运动对老年女性骨代谢指标和四肢肌力的影响

Effects of table tennis exercise on bone metabolism and lower limb muscle strength and balance in women

目的探讨乒乓球运动锻炼对老年女性骨代谢和四肢肌力的影响。方法选择太原地区健康老年女性,年龄在65～79岁的400名,并且无肝肾疾病、骨代谢疾病、帕金森症等。随机分成研究组(200名)和对照组(200名),研究组为1周进行乒乓球运动运动1 h以上。对照组则不进行规律运动;采用Hologic discove XCT-3000来测定腰椎、髋关节、全身骨密度;德国D&R公司开发的ISOMED等速肌力测试训练系统来测上、下肢肌力;生化指标的测定碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、降钙素原(PTH)、25-羟基维生素D(25-(OH)VD)、甲状旁腺激素(PCT)等。结果乒乓球组运动后腰椎BMD、BMC和股骨颈BMD较对照组显著升高;四肢骨骼肌含量乒乓球组与非锻炼组比较显著升高(P<0.05);与非锻炼组比较,乒乓球组下蹲力较非锻炼组显著升高(P<0.05)。结论乒乓球运动可以增加骨密度、肌力及平衡,从而预防老年骨质疏松症。

Objective To explore the relationship between the bone metabolism,lower limb muscle strength and balance in elderly women.Methods Four hundred cases of healthy older women aged 65 to 79 in Taiyuan,without liver and kidney disease,bone metabolism disease,Parkinson′s disease,were randomly divided into trial group(200 cases)and control group(200 cases).The people in trial group played table tennis for more than one hour a week.The control group did not exercise regularly.The BMD of lumbar spine,hip joint and whole-body were measured by Hologic discover xct-3000.The isokinetic muscle strength measuring system by D&R in Germany is used to analyze the change of upper limb and lower limb.The changes of biochemical indicators:ALP,PTH,25-(OH)VD,PCT,et al were measured.Results BMD of lumbar vertebra,BMC and femoral neck were significantly increased in the table tennis group after exercise compared with the control group.The skeletal muscle content of the limbs was significantly increased in the ping-pong group and the non-exercise group(P<0.05).Compared with the non-exercise group,the squat force in the ping-pong group was significantly higher than that in the non-exercise group(P<0.05).Conclusion Table tennis can increase bone density,muscle strength and balance,and it is an effective method in osteoporosis prevention.