公众环境监督行为、公众环境参与政策对工业污染治理效率的影响——基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析

The impact of public environmental supervision behavior and public environmental participation policy on the efficiency of industrial pollution governance:an empirical analysis based on China's provincial panel data

随着工业化进程的推进,环境污染问题日益严峻,公众越来越重视污染治理问题,并积极地参与到环境治理中。公众对环境污染的监督本质上是一种监督式的环境参与行为,为了促进公众的环境监督行为,政府颁布了诸多公众环境参与政策以保障公众环境监督权利的实施。本文以2006—2014年间30个省份的面板数据和国家层面的时间序列数据为研究样本,分析了公众监督行为以及公众环境参与政策对于工业污染治理效率的影响,并研究了公众监督行为与政策间的交互作用。实证结果表明,从省级面板数据的回归结果来看,以环境来信和政协提案衡量的公众监督行为与工业"三废"的治理效率相关程度不强,但在国家层面上公众的环境来信行为能够显著地提高工业污染治理效率;公众环境参与政策在这两种情形下,对工业污染治理效率均呈现出促进作用,说明政府颁布的公众环境参与政策更具强制性,对环境污染的治理效率具备一定的正面效力,能够减缓环境条件的恶化速度。另外,从国家级的公众环境参与分析结果来看,政策对环境治理效率具有长期影响效应,当期开始便会对污染物的治理效率产生最大的影响作用,随着时间的推移,其效力会不断的削弱。公众参与政策和环境来信之间存在良好的交互作用,并且当期的政策同样能影响未来1～3 a的公众监督行为。政府颁布的政策能促进公众的环境来信行为,公众的环境来信行为同样有助于政策的完善与实施,两者的交互效应能够对环境治理产生正向作用。所以,面对环境问题,在坚持政府自上而下领导作用的同时,也要注重公众自下而上的环境参与诉求。

With the advancement of industrialization,the problem of environmental pollution has become increasingly severe.The public is paying more and more attention to it and actively participating in environmental governance.The public’s supervision of environmental pollution is essentially a supervised environmental participation behavior.In order to promote public environmental supervision behavior,the government has promulgated numerous public environmental participation policies to protect the citizen’s right to environmental supervision.Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in 2006-2014 and the time series data at the national level,this paper analyzed the impact of public environmental supervision behavior and public environmental participation policy on governance performance of industrial pollution,and studies the interaction between the behavior and policy.The empirical results showed that,judging from the provincial panel data,the public supervision behavior measured by the letter and proposal fails to improve the governance efficiency of industrial ‘three wastes’,while the letter succeeds at the national level.In these two cases,the policy plays a significant role in improving environmental governance.This shows that the public environmental participation policy promulgated by the government is more compulsory and has a certain positive effect on the efficiency of environmental governance,which can slow down the deterioration of environmental conditions.In addition,from the results of public environmental at the national level,the policy has a long-term effect on the efficiency of pollution control.At the beginning of the period,it will have the greatest impact on the efficiency of environmental governance,and its effectiveness will continue to weaken over time.Besides,there is a good 1~3 phase interaction lag between the public participation policy and the behavior measured by the letter.And the current policy can also affect the public supervision behavior in the next 1~3 years.The policies promulgated by the government can promote the public’s environmental letter-writing behavior,and the public’s environmental letter-writing behavior also contributes to the improvement and implementation of the policy.The interaction between the two can have a positive effect on environmental governance.Therefore,in the face of environmental problems,while adhering to the government’s top-down leadership role,we must also pay attention to the public’s bottom-up environmental participation appeal.