环境规制对绿色技术创新的影响研究

Research on the influence of environmental regulation on green technology innovation

政府环境规制对绿色技术创新产出的影响作用,从企业层面来看属于微观经济的问题,但是,从整个社会经济的大环境来看也是宏观层面的问题。因此,有必要从宏微观经济视角,探索政府环境规制对绿色技术创新的影响。本文首先从微观视角,通过建立政府与企业间的环境规制博弈模型,运用数据模拟分析了不同企业选择各自绿色技术创新策略的内在机理,从理论上解决了绿色技术水平下限和环境规制系数阀值的问题,说明了如果政府不强化环境规制,企业通常不会主动采取措施进行环境保护、污染治理,承担其相应的环境责任。进一步探讨了政府如何根据经济发展和环境目标选择环境规制系数,以利于达到经济发展和环境保护的目的。进而从宏观视角,运用我国1995—2016年省际面板数据实证研究了环境规制对绿色技术创新的影响作用,证实了微观分析中环境规制对绿色技术创新产出的影响呈现"U"型关系的结论,且滞后一期的影响显著,并据此提出相应的政策建议。

At present,under the premise of China’s economy entering a new normal and increasing downward pressure on economic growth,some local governments are often in a dilemma between the economic development and environmental protection when facing double assessment of economic and environmental indicators.In the market economy,the decisive role of the market in resource allocation is required and the government’s positive role in the market is played.The impact of government’s environmental regulation on green technology innovation output is a microeconomic issue from the perspective of enterprises.However,it is also a macroeconomic issue from the perspective of the whole social economic development.Firstly,this paper establishes a game model of environmental regulation between government and enterprises from the micro perspective,and analyzes the internal mechanism of different enterprises by choosing their own green technology innovation strategies and using data simulation.Therefore,the problems of the lower limit of green technology level and the threshold of environmental regulation coefficient are solved theoretically.If environmental regulation has not been carried out by the government,enterprises seldom take measures to carry out environmental protection and pollution control,and are unwilling to undertake corresponding environmental responsibilities.It also discusses how the government chooses the environmental regulation coefficients according to the actual situation of economic development and environmental objectives so as to achieve the goals of economic development and environmental protection.Then,from a macro perspective,based on panel data of provinces in 1995-2016,the paper conducts empirical tests and verifies the U-shaped relationship of the effect of environmental regulation on green technology innovation,but finds significant effects in the lag phase.Finally,the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.