祁连山区青海草地早熟禾的丰产栽培技术

Optimum Conditions of Poa pratensis L.cv.Qinghai Cultivation in Qilian Mountain

为青海草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.cv.Qinghai)高产优质栽培和大面积栽培推广提供科学依据,在青海省祁连山试验田中采用正交设计,研究不同行距(A)、播种量(B)及施肥量(C)对青海草地早熟禾产量和光合特性的影响。结果表明:不同处理对青海草地早熟禾的地上植物量和光合特性均有一定影响。对地上植物量、种子产量、净光合速率影响的主次因素大小分别为:施肥量>行距>播种量,行距>施肥量>播种量,行距>施肥量>播种量;行距对地上植物量、种子产量、Pn影响极显著,对种子千粒质量、Tr影响显著;播种量对地上植物量影响极显著,对Tr影响显著;施肥量对地上植物量、种子产量、Ci影响极显著,对Pn、Tr影响显著。经分析得出青海草地早熟禾地上植物量丰产栽培最佳方案为30cm行距+4.5kg·hm^(-2)播种量+750kg·hm^(-2)施肥量;种子最佳方案为30cm行距+3kg·hm^(-2)播种量+450kg·hm^(-2)施肥量;施肥对青海草地早熟禾光合特性有改善作用。

To provide the scientific basis for high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques for Poa pratensis L.cv.Qinghai promotion.The orthogonal experiment was designed to investigate the effect of row spacing(A),seeding rate(B),fertilizing amount(C)on tillers and yields of Poa pratensis L.cv.Qinghai at Qilian mountain in Qinghai province.The results showed that different treatments had certain influences on the aboveground biomass and photosynthetic characteristics of Poa pratensis L.cv.Qinghai,and the order of influence on biomass,seed production and net photosynthetic rate was fertilization>row spacing>seeding rate,row spacing>fertilization>seeding rate,and row spacing>fertilization>seeding rate,respectively.The row spacing had significant influences on aboveground biomass,seed yield,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),thousand grain weight and transpiration rate(Tr).The seeding rate had significant influences on aboveground biomass and Tr.The fertilization had significant influences on aboveground biomass,seed yield,Ci,Pn,Tr.The above result suggested that the optimal cultivation conditions for biomass yield of Poa pratensis L.cv.Qinghai were 30 cm of the row spacing,4.5 kg·hm^-2 of seeding rate,and 750 kg·hm^-2 of fertilizer amount.The optimal conditions for seed yield were 30 cm of row spacing,3 kg·hm^-2 of seeding rate,and 450 kg·hm^-2 of fertilizer amount.The fertilization could improve the photosynthesis of precocious grass in qinghai grassland.