深圳经济特区行业协会立法创新的实证分析

An Empirical Analysis of Legislative Innovation of the Industry Associations in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone

行业协会的立法界定和政会关系定位是行业协会立法的两大基本问题,而后者又涉及行业协会的准入、自治权能及其监管制度三个重要方面。《深圳经济特区行业协会条例》以专门立法的形式确立了"政会分开原则",建立了自愿入会、直接登记、一业多会等准入制度,并在尊重行业协会自主性的基础上确立了政府培育发展制度和柔性多元的监管制度。该条例率先为行业协会的去行政化改革提供了立法保障,为国家和地方行业协会立法提供了可供借鉴和进一步探讨的蓝本。

There are two basic issues regarding industry association legislation: the definition of industry association legislation and the relationship between politics and the industry.The latter involves three important aspects,namely,access to industry association,autonomy and its supervisory system.The Regulations on Industry Associations in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone established the principle of “separating industry association from government” in the form of special legislation.It also set up a series of access systems,such as voluntary membership system,direct registration and “one industry one association” mechanism.At the same time,on the basis of respecting the autonomy of industry associations,it established a system cultivated and developed by government and a flexible and plural supervisory system.This Regulations is the first to provide legislative protection for de-administrative reform of industry associations.It would provide a blueprint which can be used as guidance for further exploration for the legislation of national and local industry associations.