港口码头固定式气幕围油栏研究及应用设计

Research and Application Design of Fixed-type Pneumatic Oil Barriers in Port Terminals

港口码头油船装卸易发生意外事故,为防止油品扩散,需要配备围油栏。为解决固体围油栏布放回收麻烦、费时费力、不能及时有效地围住溢油的问题,以流体力学相似准则并按缩尺比例1:90开展海试试验,验证了实际海况下气幕围油栏围油的可行性。以提高气幕围油栏应用可行性为目标,结合试验数据及油轮码头地理特征,在船舶及海洋工程规范的基础上,设计一种可在港口码头长期固定连接、快速实现布放和回收的固定式气幕围油栏应用系统。研究表明,固定式气幕围油栏操作简单,可及时围住溢油,对保护海洋环境有直接促进作用。

The loading and unloading of oil tankers at port terminals is prone to accidents.To prevent the spread of oil,a containment boom is required.Deploying and recycling of solid containment boom is cumbersome,time consuming and laborious,and does not contain oil spills in a timely and effective manner.In order to solve this problem,the sea-test experiment was carried out with the similarity criterion of fluid mechanics and the scale ratio of 1:90 to verify the feasibility of using the petroleum oil barriers to contain oil spills under actual sea conditions.In order to improve the application feasibility of pneumatic oil barriers,combined with test data and geodetic characteristics of tanker terminals,ship and marine engineering specifications,this paper designs a fixed-type operating system of pneumatic oil barriers that can be permanently connected and quickly deployed and recycled at port terminals.Studies have shown that fixed-type pneumatic oil barriers are easy to operate and contain oil spills in a timely manner,which directly promotes the protection of the marine environment.