语言运用与教学中“地方普通话”的一席之地

A Place for “Putonghua with Local Accent” in CSL Teaching:From the Language Use Perspective

本文介绍一种培训汉语非母语学习者理解不规范普通话能力的听力课程,举例说明课程的结构和实际操作。该课程首先介绍汉语方言分布的情形幷讨论一些与方言学有关的基本概念,然后分别介绍比较有代表性的地方普通话,包括山东普通话、四川普通话、上海普通话、香港普通话、台湾"国语"、新加坡华语等。文中比较各种地方普通话在语音、语法和词汇上与规范普通话的差别,也提供各种地方普通话的实例和听力材料。在结论中,作者强调此课程的目的是培训高年级学习者的听力,绝对不鼓励他们学说不规范的普通话。外籍人士想要彻底地了解中国各地受方言影响的普通话,自然要在相关地区居住一段时间,但作者从上课的效果和学生的反馈中发现,这种课程应该能使他们更清楚地了解华语运用的实际情况,为他们听懂各种不规范的普通话做一些准备,从而帮助他们更好地在实际生活中与华人沟通。

This paper explores the structure and implementation of a listening course for CSL learners,focusing on issues related to the ability of learners in understanding Putonghua with local accents(known as local Putonghua and referred to as LP in this paper)due to the influence of dialects.After a brief introduction to the distribution of major Chinese dialects,some of the well-known LP cases are discussed,including LP in Shandong,Sichuan,Shanghai,Hong Kong,as well as the varieties of Chinese used in Taiwan and Singapore.A comparison between standard Chinese and each of these LP cases are made in terms of pronunciation,grammar,and vocabulary,supplemented by examples from real life.The author points out that the purpose of such a course is not to encourage CSL learners to use LP Chinese,but to cultivate the ability of advanced level learners in understanding varieties of LP,which is usually obtained after a considerable period of staying in the area where LP is spoken.Based on feedback from students,the author has found that it is indeed helpful for learners to have training of this kind,which prepares them for better communication in Chinese with local people in real life situations.