水族人口结构变迁研究——基于1990～2010年人口普查数据的分析

Changes of Shui People's Population Structure: Analysis Based on Census Data(1990～2010)

改革开放以来,水族人口发展取得了长足进步。但由于自然环境、传统观念与历史欠账等因素的制约,水族人口结构仍面临着性别比失调、老龄化加剧、文化素质较低、职业结构落后、城镇化迟滞与产业结构不合理等问题。而全面放开"二胎"生育政策、水族地区经济水平提升、公共服务均等化和绿色生态理念等机遇亦为水族人口发展提供了良好的历史机遇,为此,应采取相应措施以实现水族人口结构健康均衡与和谐发展。

Shui Zu or Shui People is one of the 56 ethnic minorities in China. Since 1978,Shui population has made great progress. However,restricted by natural environment,traditional concepts and historical debt and other factors,the Shui population structure is faced with such problems as gender imbalance,aggravated aging,low cultural quality,backward occu-pational structure,retarded urbanization and unreasonable industrial structure. The comprehensive implementation of the two-child policy,the economic development of Shui areas,the equalization of public services and the concept of green devel-opment also provide a good historical opportunity for the development of Shui population. Therefore,measures should be taken to change the concept of reproduction,improve the social security system,enhance human capital and develop the na-tional economy to realize the healthy,balanced and harmonious development of Shui population structure.