人工智能物的民事侵权责任探析

An Analysis of the Civil Tort Liability of Artificial Intelligence Objects

当前,人工智能的发展迎来了高潮,但也引发了一系列法律难题。从人工智能的概念和机理看,人工智能物具有抽象的思维理性与行为理性,这与德国法律人格制度的法哲学基础相契合,因此,高级人工智能物完全有可能成为民事侵权责任主体。鉴于人工智能物与其它民法主体的差异,人工智能物在承担民事侵权责任时的主观心理、归责原则和责任形态等方面具有自身的特性。在人工智能物民事侵权责任的规定上,应引入人工智能物注册制度,设立人工智能物民事侵权责任赔偿基金,着重解决无人驾驶汽车和智能机器人的民事侵权责任法律问题。

At present,the development of artificial intelligence reaches its climax,but also triggers a series of legal problems. From the concept and mechanism of artificial intelligence,the artificial intelligence objects have abstract thinking rationality and behavioral rationality,which is consistent with the legal philosophy foundation of German legal personality system. Therefore,the advanced artificial intelligence objects may become the subject of tort liability. In view of the difference between artificial intelligence objects and other civil law subjects,artificial intelligence objects have their own characteristics in the subjective psychology,the principle of imputation and the form of liability when they bear the civil tort liability. In the specific provisions of the civil tort liability of artificial intelligence objects,it is necessary to set up the compensation funds and introduce a registration system,especially focusing on solving the legal problems of civil tort liability of driverless cars and intelligent robots.