2015—2017年川中地区儿童急性呼吸道感染病原学分析

Analysis of the etiology of children with acute respiratory tract infection in Suining from 2015 to 2017

目的探讨川中地区儿童急性呼吸道感染病原学流行的特点。方法采用间接免疫荧光法检测2015年10月至2017年10月该院就诊并诊断为急性呼吸道感染的12 511例儿童,检测其血清9种特异性呼吸道病原体IgM抗体[Q热立克次体(COX)、肺炎衣原体(CPn)、肺炎支原体(MP)、副流感病毒1、2、3型(PIVs)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、甲型流感病毒(INFA)、嗜肺军团菌血清1型(LP1)、腺病毒(ADV)、乙型流感病毒(INFB)],并对结果进行分析。结果 12 511例标本共检出呼吸道病原体IgM抗体阳性1 481例,阳性率11.8%;MP阳性检出率最高为8.5%,其次是PIVs、RSV、INFB、ADV、LP1、INFA,但均未检出COX和CPn。女性患儿MP阳性率显著高于男性(P<0.05)。各年龄段患儿呼吸道病原体感染率不同(P<0.05),7~14岁组感染率最高,明显高于0~1岁组,所有年龄段、不同月份dMP检出率最高,主要分布于9、11、12月份(>10%),PIVs高发于9、10月,RSV高发于10月,其余散在分布。结论该地区急性呼吸道感染患儿呼吸道病原体主要是肺炎支原体、副流感病毒1、2、3型、呼吸道合胞病毒,女性感染率明显高于男性,学龄前患儿发病率较高,<1岁患儿发病率偏低,冬季相对高发。

Objective To discuss the epidemic characteristics of acute respiratory tract infection in Suining area.Methods Totally 12 511 children with acute respiratory tract infection from October 2016 to October 2017 were selected.And 9 kinds of specific antibodies of pathogens in respiratory tract infections including Q fever rickettsia(COX),Chlamydia pneumonia(CPn),Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),Parainfluenza virus type 1,2,3(PIVs),Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),Influenza a virus(INFA),Eosinophilic lung legionella serum type 1(LP1),Adenovirus(ADV),Influenza b virus(INFB),and the testing results were analyzed.Results The subjects who carried at virus or atypical pathogens accounted for 1 481(11.8%)in 12 511 patients.Among them,the detection rate of MP was the highest(8.5%),followed by PIVs,RSV,INFB,ADV,LP1,INFA,except COX and CPn.The positive rate of MP for female children was significantly higher than that of male children(P<0.05).Rates of respiratory pathogen infection in children of all ages were different;the highest age group was 7-14 age old,which was significantly higher than the 0-1 age old(P<0.05).The detection rate of MP for all ages and months was highest,mainly distributed in September,November and December(greater than 10%).PIVs occurred mainly in September and October,RSV occurred mainly in October,and the rest were diffused distribution.Conclusion Acute respiratory tract infection of children in this area is mainly MP,PIVs 1,2,3,RSV.The infection rate of girls is higher than that of boys.The incidence rate of preschool children is higher,the incidence of infant is low within 1 year,and the winter is relatively high.