论魏了翁的学术思想

On Wei Liaoweng's Academic Thought

魏了翁是南宋中期蜀中的大学者,自来以他为著名的理学家。然而其青少年所学及在鹤山书院所教授者实为记览词章之学,尤其晚年撰著《九经要义》时所采用的实证方法更与理学家的探求义理的思辨方法完全异趣。在理学成为时代学术思潮之际,他与理学家交往,并受影响,但在基本的理学观念上不仅与正统的程朱学派不同,还持以批评的态度。他为理学创始人向朝廷请求赐謚并取得成功,这仅是政治活动性质,并不具学术的意义,因此文章详细梳理魏了翁交往的理学家及其交往过程中理学思想的发展过程,证明不能以理学概括魏了翁的思想,他亦非典型的理学家。

Wei Liaoweng was a great scholar of Shu in the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty,and he has long been considered as a famous Neo-Confucianist.However,what he learned in his youth and what he taught in Heshan Academy was actually the study of memorizing words and chapters;especially the empirical method used in his later years when he wrote The Essentials of the Nine Classics was completely different from the speculative method of Neo-Confucianists to explore righteousness and reason.When Neo-Confucianism became an academic trend of thought in the times,he interacted with and was influenced by Neo-Confucianists,but he was not only different from the orthodox Cheng-Zhu School in basic concepts of Neo-Confucianism,but also held a critical attitude.For the founder of Neo-Confucianism,he asked the imperial court for approval and succeeded.This is only a political activity without academic significance.The article explains in detail the Neo-Confucianists who Wei Liaoweng communicated with and the development of his Neo-Confucianism in the process of communication,proving that Wei Liaoweng’s thoughts cannot be summarized in Neo-Confucianism and he is not a typical Neo-Confucianist.