也谈马克思的“人力资本”概念——兼与程承坪教授商榷

On Marx's Concept of “Human Capital”:Discussion with Professor Cheng Chengping

我国经济学界对"人力资本"有歧议,如10多年前吴宣恭教授在《经济学动态》发文提出"人力资本"悖论说,2015年程承坪教授就此发文提出异议。"人力资本"范畴滥觞于17世纪威廉·配第时代,已有300多年历史,马克思对当时的"人力资本"概念是持批判态度的。我国现在普遍使用当代西方的"人力资本"概念,这有助于推动我国教育事业发展和人才培养,因为人才是生产要素中唯一具有能动性的要素,只有转变人才培养方式,才能有效促进经济发展模式的转变。而有些学者把我国目前通用的"人力资本"概念视为剥削范畴,是不妥当的。

China’s economic circles have different opinions on “human capital”. For example, Professor Wu Xuangong put forward the paradox of “human capital” in his works of Economic Dynamics more than 10 years ago, and Professor Cheng Chengping raised his objection to this article in 2015. The category of “human capital” originated in the age of William Peddy in the 17th century and has a history of more than 300 years. Marx was critical of the concept of “human capital” at that time. The category of “human capital” in contemporary western countries is now widely used in our country, which helps to promote the development of education and talent cultivation in our country, because talent is the only active factor in production factors. Only by changing the way of talent cultivation can we effectively promote the transformation of economic development mode. It is not appropriate for some scholars to regard the concept of “human capital” as a category of exploitation.