清前期云南政府的灾害应对机制及其成效

The Disaster Response Mechanism and its Effects of Yunnan Government in the Early Qing Dynasty

清代云南政府的灾害应对机制是中央王朝荒政制度在地方的实践,也是国家灾荒应对机制的组成部分。清前期是政府灾赈机制建立、发展、完善时期,期间云南地方发生灾害后,政府及时启动灾害应对机制,按照中央规定有序地开展报灾、勘灾、审户工作,制定合理、可行的救灾方案,对灾民实施救济。政府的灾赈机制对救济、安抚灾民,维护地方社会稳定,巩固中央王朝在边疆的治理起到积极作用,但该机制存在制度设计缺陷,制约了其功效的发挥。地方政府灾害应对机制的实施成效,受到灾赈机制、官员执行能力、地方经济实力等因素的综合影响。

The disaster response mechanism of the Yunnan government in the Qing dynasty was the practice of the central government’s famine-policy system in the local area, and it was also part of the national disaster response mechanism. The establishment of the early Qing dynasty was the government disaster relief mechanism, development and perfect period. After a disaster, the government timely started the disaster response mechanism, according to the regulations of the central orderly conduct disaster, disaster, careful work formulated reasonable and feasible relief plan, the implementation of relieving the victims. The government’s disaster relief mechanism for relief, calm, maintained the local social stability consolidating the central dynasty and played a positive role in the frontier of governance, but the mechanism system design flaws restricted the exertion of its efficacy. The result of the local government disaster response mechanism was influenced by the disaster relief system, the executive ability of officials and the local economic strength.