海州湾及邻近海域鱼类群落的营养功能群及其动态变化

The composition of and variations in the trophic guilds of fish assemblages in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters

根据2011年及2013―2016年春季和秋季在海州湾及邻近海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查,对该海域鱼类群落营养功能群的组成及其季节和年间变化进行了研究。结果表明,海州湾及邻近海域鱼类群落可以划分为5个营养功能群,即虾食性、底栖动物食性、虾/鱼食性、浮游动物食性和鱼食性。整体来说,春季海州湾鱼类群落以底栖动物食性营养功能群为主,其中方氏云鳚(Enedriasfangi)在各年所占比例均较高;而秋季以虾食性营养功能群为主,小眼绿鳍鱼(Chelidonichthys kumu)为主要优势鱼种。从生物量组成角度分析,海州湾鱼类群落各营养功能群所占比例有明显差异,以虾食性和底栖动物食性的功能群为主,其次为虾/鱼食性,而浮游动物食性和鱼食性所占比例较小。方氏云鳚、小眼绿鳍鱼、长蛇鲻(Saurida elongata)、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)、狮子鱼(Liparis sp.)、玉筋鱼(Ammodytespersonatus)等6种鱼类为各营养功能群的主要优势种类。海州湾及邻近海域鱼类群落的营养功能群和优势种呈现出明显的季节和年间变化,海洋环境变化和鱼类的季节性洄游移动等是主要的影响因素。

Based on the samples collected from bottom trawl surveys in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters during spring and autumn in 2011 and 2013–2016,the composition of and variation in the trophic guilds of the fish community were studied.The results showed that the fish community comprised 5 trophic guilds,including shrimp predators,benthivores,shrimp/fish predators,zooplanktivores,and piscivores.The fish communities in Haizhou Bay and adjacent areas were dominated by the benthivore functional group in spring,and the proportion of Fang’s gunnel (Enedrias fangi) was higher than other species.In autumn,shrimp predators were the dominant trophic guild,with red gurnard (Chelidonichthys kumu) being the dominant species.From the perspective of biomass composition,the proportions of functional groups of the fish community in Haizhou Bay showed significant differences.The main functional groups were shrimp predators and benthivores,followed by shrimp/fish predators,while the zooplanktivores and piscivores functional groups were relatively sparse.The dominant species of these trophic guilds were 6 fish species:Fang’s gunnel,red gurnard,lizardfish (Saurida elongata),small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis),lionfish (Liparis sp.),and jade fish (Ammodytes personatus).The trophic guilds and dominant species of the fish communities in Haizhou Bay in spring and autumn of each year varied greatly,mainly due to the impacts of environmental variations and fish migrations in this area.