高产小麦品种郑麦7698花后光合特性研究

Post-anthesis Photosynthetic Characteristic of High-Yield Wheat Zhengmai 7698

选取河南省的区试对照品种周麦18与郑麦7698进行光合性能比较研究,分析郑麦7698高产原因,旨在为小麦高产育种提供理论指导。结果表明,郑麦7698在开花后0～36 d旗叶的总光合速率均显著高于周麦18(平均提高40. 0%),在开花后6～18 d穗的总光合速率均显著高于周麦18(整个测定时期平均提高17. 2%)。郑麦7698穗层光合有效辐射截获率显著高于周麦18(提高29. 6%)。与周麦18相比,郑麦7698能够保持更高的叶绿素含量、最大光合速率、表观量子效率、最大羧化效率和RuBP最大再生速率,保证了郑麦7698在灌浆后期较慢的衰老速率。上述因素致使郑麦7698比周麦18有更高的籽粒灌浆能力,最终导致郑麦7698具有较高的千粒质量和穗粒数,分别较周麦18显著提高3. 5%和8. 0%,进而使得籽粒产量较周麦18显著提高9. 1%。

The photosynthetic properties of Zhoumai 18(regional control cultivar)and Zhengmai 7698 were compared,and the reasons for high-yield of Zhengmai 7698 were analyzed,so as to provide theoretical guidance for high-yield breeding of wheat in the future.The results showed that the total photosynthetic rate of flag leaves of Zhengmai 7698 was significantly higher than that of Zhoumai 18 from 0 to 36 days after anthesis(an average increase of 40.0%),and the total photosynthetic rate of ears of Zhengmai 7698 was significantly higher than that of Zhoumai 18 from 6 to 18 days after anthesis(an average increase of 17.2%during the whole measurement period).The photosynthetically active radiation interception rate of ears of Zhengmai 7698 significantly increased by 29.6%compared with Zhoumai 18.Compared with Zhoumai 18,Zhengmai 7698 could maintain higher chlorophyll content,maximum photosynthetic rate,apparent quantum efficiency,maximum carboxylation efficiency and RuBP maximum regeneration rate,which ensured a slower aging rate of Zhengmai 7698 in the later stage of grain filling.The above factors resulted in higher grain filling capacity of Zhengmai 7698 than that of Zhoumai 18,which eventually increased 1 000-grain weight and grains per spike by 3.5%and 8.0%respectively,thus increasing the yield by 9.1%.