不同控失剂用量的控失尿素对玉米产量及氮肥利用的影响

Effects of Controlled-Release Urea with Different Dosages of Controlled-Release Agent on Utilization of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Yield of Maize

以贵州省黄壤土为基础,以玉米品种西都森玉1号为试验材料,设置无氮肥、普通尿素及控失剂用量分别为1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、6%的控失尿素等8个处理,研究不同控失剂用量的控失尿素对玉米产量及氮肥利用的影响,旨在为当地玉米生产中合适控失剂用量控失尿素的选择提供参考。结果表明,与普通尿素相比,施用控失尿素处理玉米穗粒数、千粒质量和产量总体均显著增加,其中产量显著增加了14. 81%～25. 84%,以含4%～5%控失剂的控失尿素处理较高;施用控失尿素处理玉米籽粒干质量及地上部干质量均显著增加,其中地上部干质量增加了10. 52%～17. 49%,以含4%～5%控失剂的控失尿素处理较高;施用控失尿素处理玉米地上部氮积累量显著增加了19. 67%～32. 94%,磷积累量增加了0. 19%～33. 15%,钾积累量增加了2. 27%～18. 53%,总体以含3%～4%控失剂的控失尿素处理较好;施用控失尿素处理氮肥利用率显著增加了102. 38%～178. 57%,氮肥偏生产力显著增加了14. 81%～25. 89%,氮素收获指数增加了4. 66%～16. 12%,氮素吸收效率显著增加了19. 75%～32. 93%,氮肥农学效率显著增加了190. 98%～333. 90%,总体以含3%～4%控失剂的控失尿素处理较高。综合分析,以含4%控失剂的控失尿素效果较好。

Xidusenyu No.1 was used as experimental material.Eight treatments were set up,which were treatment without nitrogen fertilizer,treatment with common urea,and treatments with controlled-release urea with 1%,2%,3%,4%,5%and 6%controlled-release agent,respectively.The effect of controlled-release urea with different dosages of controlled-release agent on utilization of nitrogen fertilizer and yield of maize was studied based on yellow soil in Guizhou,so as to provide reference for the selection of controlled-release urea with appropriate dosage of controlled-release agent in local maize production.The results showed that,compared with common urea,grain number per ear,1 000-grain weight and yield of maize of the treatments with controlled-release urea were overall significantly increased,among which the yield was significantly increased by 14.81%-25.84%,the yield of the treatments with controlled-release urea with 4%-5%controlled-release agent were higher;the dry weight of grain and overground parts of the treatments with controlled-release urea were significantly increased,the dry weight of overground parts increased by 10.52%-17.49%,which were higher in the treatments with controlled-release urea with 4%-5%controlled-release agent;the nitrogen accumulation of the treatments with controlled-release urea significantly increased by 19.67%-32.94%,the phosphorus accumulation increased by 0.19%-33.15%,the potassium accumulation increased by 2.27%-18.53%,which were higher in the treatments with controlled-release urea with 3%-4%controlled-release agent;nitrogen use efficiency of the treatments with controlled-release urea significantly increased by 102.38%-178.57%,nitrogen partial productivity significantly increased by 14.81%-25.89%,nitrogen harvest index increased by 4.66%-16.12%,nitrogen uptake efficiency significantly increased by 19.75%-32.93%,nitrogen agronomic efficiency significantly increased by 190.98%-333.90%,which were higher in the treatments with controlled-release urea with 3%-4%controlled-release agent.Overall,the treatment with controlled-release urea with 4%controlled-release agent was better.