梨休眠期中国梨喀木虱种群动态及防控措施研究

Population Dynamic and Control Measures of Cacopsylla chinensis(Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Dormant Period of Pear

为了探索中国梨喀木虱防治的关键时期及有效措施,减少梨生育期化学药剂的使用,2016—2017年调查了运城市梨园中国梨喀木虱的发生规律,并于2017—2018年梨休眠期进行了2次防控试验。结果表明,11月上中旬为越冬代成虫发生高峰期,次年2月下旬越冬代成虫开始出蛰,3月上旬为出蛰高峰期,3月中下旬芽部卵量达到最高。成虫越冬前用药剂虫螨腈和噻虫嗪混合液处理7 d后对越冬代成虫防效最高,为84. 13%。产卵前施用高岭土可湿性粉剂可显著降低第1代种群数量,芽部落卵量、花和叶上若虫数分别仅为0. 28头/芽、0. 04头/花和0. 06头/叶。成虫越冬前和早春产卵前分别采用药剂防治和保护性措施防护,降低第1代中国梨喀木虱种群密度和危害指数的效果更好。

In order to find the critical prevention periods and effective measures to control Cacopsylla chinensisis Yang&Li,and decrease the use of chemical pesticides in pear growth period,we studied the occurrence regularity of Cacopsylla chinensis in pear orchards of Yuncheng city in 2016-2017,and the control effects of two field trials in the dormant period of pear in 2017-2018.The results showed that early to middle November was the peak period of the overwintering adults.In late February of the next year,the overwintering adults began to emerge,and the peak of the adults appeared in early March.In middle and late March,the number of eggs in buds reached the maximum.The best effect of field test against overwintering adults was 84.13%after using chlorfenapyr and thiamethoxam mixture for 7 days before overwintering.Application of Kaolin surround WP before spawning could significantly reduce the population of the first generation.The mean of eggs in buds was 0.28 heads/bud,and the means of nymphs on flower and leaf were 0.04 heads/flower and 0.06 heads/leaf respectively.Through both the pesticide control before adults overwintering and protective measure before early spring spawning,the population density and pest attack index of the first generation of Cacopsylla chinensis can be reduced more effectively.