亲属称谓词的傲称用法及词典释义

Kinship Terms as Haughty Titles and Their Dictionary Definition

汉语中有些亲属称谓词,除了用于通常的亲属称谓外,还有用于说话人在气愤或开玩笑的场合,含傲慢、自负意味的自称用法。文章称亲属称谓词含傲慢自负意味的自称用法为"傲称"。亲属称谓词傲称用法的词义和亲属间的称谓义、非亲属间的泛化引申用法都不同,属于不同的义位。汉语中具有傲称用法的亲属称谓词数量不多。目前常见的几部语文词典对亲属称谓词傲称用法的释义和说明都或多或少地存在着需要提升的空间。文章拟结合目前比较通行的几部语文词典的释义,对现代汉语中几个常用亲属称谓词傲称用法的词义及语用等进行分析论述,并就词典释义中普遍存在的问题提出个人的修改建议。

Some of the Chinese kinship terms, in addition to their general use, can also be used on indignant or jocose occasions to indicate arrogance or self-importance. These terms are referred to as “ Haughty Titles” in this article. Analysis shows that the lexical meanings of such terms are different from their original appellative meanings used among family members and relatives and from their extended meanings used among non-relatives. These terms, therefore, fall into different categories of sememes. The number of such Chinese kinship terms is not large, but their definitions in several Chinese dictionaries need to be improved. This study analyzes the lexical meaning and pragmatic use of some kinship terms functioning as haughty tides based on their definitions in several frequently-used Chinese dictionaries and offers suggestions on their dictionary definitions.