从人格心理学看魏晋风度

In the Gap between Scholars and Officials——The Wei-Jin Demeanor from the Perspective of Personality Psychology

魏晋时代堪比西方"文艺复兴"时期,衍生了中国知识分子推崇的"魏晋风度"。魏晋士族肩负着仕的使命,一方面想逃离政治世俗不为"五斗米"折腰,另一方面对谶纬经学治国深感失望,想打破儒学单一局面,融入道教玄学思想来引导社会政治。用人格心理学来探究魏晋风度,分析他们的共同特质、根源特质、表层特质,重新了解魏晋知识分子处于"士与仕的夹缝"中那种"无为而有为"的姿态。

The Wei and Jin Dynasties, comparable to the Western Renaissance period, gave the “Wei and Jin demeanor” highly appraised by Chinese intellectuals. Scholars in Wei and Jin Dynasties shouldered the mission of official. On the one hand, they wanted to escape from the political secularity and could not make curtsies for the salary of “five bushels of rice”. On the other hand, they were deeply disappointed with the governance of the coun-try according to prophecies and Confucian classics, and they wanted to break the single situation of Confucianism and integrate Taoism and metaphysics to guide social politics. This paper explores the demeanor of Wei and Jin Dy-nasties using personality psychology theory, analyses their common traits, root characteristics and surface character-istics, to re-explain the manners and attitudes of intellectuals in Wei and Jin Dynasties, their “doing nothing but doing something” in the “gap between scholars and officials”.