陕西省关中地区饲草型小麦种质资源筛选与评价

Screening and Evaluation of Forage Wheat Germplasms in Guanzhong Area of Shannxi Province

为筛选出能够在中国北方冬季提供鲜绿饲草的小麦种质,在大田条件下,以饲草产量、再生饲草产量、小麦分蘖数和抗逆性指标为基础,对适宜于陕西关中地区栽培的200份小麦种质材料的饲草特性进行了评价。筛选出ZM32、ZM132、ZM27、ZH895、ZH175、ZM33、XY58和XN928共8个具有较高饲草产量和再生能力的小麦材料,同时其可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化酶活性等生理指标表现突出,可以作为饲草型小麦种质使用。此外,小麦刈割生物量和再生生物量与小麦冬季分蘖和春季分蘖数均极显著正相关,表明小麦冬前分蘖数和春季分蘖能力对饲草型小麦种质的筛选具有重要意义。而较高的可溶性蛋白含量、SOD和POD活性可以保证饲草型小麦安全越冬和春季补偿性生长,可作为饲草型小麦筛选的参考指标。

In order to screen wheat germplasms that can provide fresh green forage in winter in Northern China,the forage characteristics of 200 wheat germplasms suitable for cultivation in Guanzhong Area of Shaanxi Province were evaluated under field conditions on the basis of forage yield,regenerated forage yield,tiller number and stress resistance index.Eight wheat germplasms with high forage yield and regeneration ability were screened out,including ZM32,ZM132,ZM27,ZH895,ZH175,ZM33,XY58 and XN928.At the same time,their soluble protein content and antioxidant enzyme activities were outstanding,which could be used as forage wheat germplasms.In addition,the mowing biomass and regeneration biomass of wheat were significantly positively correlated with winter and spring tillering,which indicated that the tillering number before winter and tillering ability of wheat in spring were of great significance to the screening of forage wheat germplasm.The higher soluble protein content,SOD and POD activity can ensure the safe overwintering and compensatory growth of forage wheat in spring,which can be used as a reference index for forage wheat screening.