我国城乡居民收入差距特征及趋势分析

THE CHARACTERISTIC AND TENDENCY OF PER CAPITA ANNUAL INCOME BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN CHINA

[目的]分析国家及各省区城乡居民收入差距演变的趋势,为判断城乡收入差距发展阶段提供参考。[方法]通过测算城乡居民收入的绝对、相对差距及收入增速,考察我国城乡居民收入差距的演变特征;运用聚类分析了3个阶段各省区城乡居民收入差距类型,根据类型演变分析我国城乡居民收入差距的演变趋势。[结果]我国城乡居民收入的绝对差距从1978年的210元持续增大为2015年的2 754元,收入相对差距经历了3次"下降——上升"的波动。我国城乡家庭居民收入从极低水平、差距悬殊的状态演变为中等收入水平、绝对差距继续扩大、相对差距轻微缩小的状态;现阶段我国城乡居民绝对差距增速逐步降低,相对差距自2010年起开始缩小。大多数省区在收入水平提高和相对差距缩小方面都有长足进步。[结论]从差距演变的阶段性特点分析,我国城乡居民收入相对差距有明显缩小的趋势,符合"倒U"模型。

This paper analyzed the evolution trend of the income gap between urban and rural residents in the country and provinces,and provided reference for judging the development stage of the income gap between urban and rural residents.By calculating the absolute,relative income gap and income growth rate of urban and rural residents,it investigated the evolution characteristics of the income gap between urban and rural residents in China.It used cluster analysis to analyze the types of income gap between urban and rural residents in three stages,and analyzed the evolution trend of income gap between urban and rural residents in China according to the evolution of types.The absolute income gap between urban and rural residents in China increased from 210 yuan in 1978 to 2 754 yuan in 2015.The relative income gap experienced three fluctuations of"decline-rise".The income gap between urban and rural households in China evolved from a very low level to a middle income level.The absolute gap continued to expand and the relative gap narrowed slightly.At this stage,the growth rate of the absolute gap between urban and rural households has gradually decreased,and the relative gap has been narrowing since 2010.Most provinces and autonomous regions have made considerable progress in improving income levels and narrowing the relative gap.From the characteristics of income progress,the relative gap between the income of urban and rural residents in China has been significantly reduced,which is consistent with the"inverted U"model.