美国体育史学的发展与展望

American Sport History: Development and Prospect

体育史向来是美国体育学研究的重要领域。经过学科分化以后,体育史从母学科独立,研究成果不断丰富,进入了快速发展期,引起了中外学者的关注与讨论。在发展进程中,与体育社会学科相比,体育史学批判性不足、独立性不够,研究的焦点主要集中在方法学运用、媒介内容分析、体育事件的史学叙述等方面。研究发现:美国体育史学开始从单一史料搜集发展到研究方法更加科学化、多样化,直线型历史叙述的方式转向了立体化综合研究;从以往的传统媒介转向新媒体研究,图片、卡通、电影、照片、画作均成为研究的载体;研究内容的关注点也开启了向观众的转变。今后,美国体育史学科的研究者应该走出象牙塔,摆脱学术论文的束缚,在进一步提高学术合法性与学术价值的同时,走向社会关注现实问题,提升体育史研究者的影响力,得到公众的广泛认可。

Sport history is an important research field in kinesiology in the US.After the independent from parent disciplines,which improved a lot not only in the research but in the development,which also attracted more and more attentions all around the world.In the process of development,compared with sport sociology,there are still existing some defects in research method,research scope.The result shows that the research method has tranformed from literature review to multiple and sencitific method,the narrative way has been becoming more dimensional;photos,cartoons and films have all becoming research carriers instead of traditional media;research topic tend to close to the audiences.In the future,sport historians can no longer luxuriate in the tacit acceptance of their fieldin academe,the existence of several journals and monograph series,and a relative handful of college courses devoted to it.