竹山县土地利用景观格局动态变化分析

Analysis on Landscape Pattern Changes and Land Use in Zhushan County

以湖北省竹山县1999年、2005年、2011年及2017年4期遥感影像为数据源,借助Arc GIS,ENVI和Fragstats等软件,提取研究区土地利用景观格局变化信息,采用主成分分析法,定量分析其驱动因素。结果表明:1)近18年来,研究区土地利用类型以林地、耕地和水域为主,土地利用程度综合指数呈下降趋势; 2)土地转移主要以耕地和裸地转出,以林地、建筑用地和水域转入为典型特征,土地利用总体趋势与状态指数呈先下降后上升; 3)景观结构上,林地一直是研究区优势景观类型,各景观类型面积占比顺序并未发生改变,斑块总数量呈下降趋势; 4)景观异质性上,香农多样性指数和均匀度指数呈下降趋势,蔓延度指数呈上升趋势,说明研究区优势景观类型林地对整体景观格局控制力增加,各类景观类型空间连通性增强; 5)社会经济和农业生产是研究区土地利用景观格局变化的主要驱动力。

By taking the remote sensing images of Zhushan County in Hubei Province in 1999,2005,2011 and 2017 as data sources and using ArcGIS,ENVI and Fragstats software,the change information of land use landscape pattern in the study area was extracted,and the driving factors were analyzed quantitatively by principal component analysis.The results show that:(1)During the 18 years,the land use types in the study area were mainly forest land,arable land and water area,and the comprehensive index of land use degree shows a downward trend.(2)Land transfer is mainly characterized by the transfer of cultivated land and bare land,and by the transfer of woodland,construction land and waters,and the general trend and state index of land use decreased first and then increased.(3)On the landscape structure,woodland has always been the dominant landscape type in the study area,and the proportion order of each landscape type has not changed,and the total number of patches shows a downward trend.(4)On landscape heterogeneity,Shannon diversity index and evenness index showed a downward trend,while the spreading index showed an upward trend,indicating that the dominant landscape types of forest land in the study area increased the overall landscape pattern control,and the spatial connectivity of various landscape types enhanced.(5)Social economy and agricultural production are the main driving forces of land use landscape pattern changes in the study area.