环境与人生:张其昀的生态环境思想

Environment and Life: Zhang Qiyun.s Ecological Environment Thought

张其昀是中国近代著名的史地学家,是中国近代地理学创建者之一,对中国人文地理学的研究有着开拓作用,他在地理学、历史学、政治学领域均有较高成就。张氏引入西方人文地理学理论,并将其翻译为"人生地理学",成为中国现代人文地理学学科的开创者之一,在此基础上他提出了贯通史地的思想,研究自然环境与人类生存发展的关系,成为中国近代较早提及环境与人关系的学者。更为重要的是张氏之功不仅仅在于引入西学,他自己也有诸多理论阐发,尤其是具体结合中国的历史及自然人文地理环境,在探讨人与环境关系时已经具备了初步的生态环境的思想,张氏生态环境思想可分为地理要素中的环境思想、人生地理学中的生态环境思想和环境变异的思想,其中最核心的要义是探讨人类生存与自然环境的关系,这也是我们今天考察生态环境问题的出发点。张其昀的生态环境思想虽然还是初步的,难以称得上系统化、理论化,但在当时无疑有着开拓作用,它继承了中国古代"天人合一"朴素的自然生态观,在中国生态思想发展史上有着承前启后的作用,也可为我国当下生态文明建设的理论和思想提供借鉴。

Zhang Qiyun,one of the founders of modern geography in China,is a famous historian and geographer in modern China and has a high achievement in geography,history and political science.Zhang introduced Western human geography theory and translated it into“life geography”.As one of the pioneers of modern human geography in China,he put forward the idea of connecting history and geography to study the relationship between natural environment and human survival and development.He is one of the earliest scholars in China who paid attention to the relationship between man and nature.What’s more important is that Zhang’s contribution are not only the introduction of Western learning.He also has many theoretical expositions,especially the combination of Chinese history and natural human geography.He has already had a preliminary ecological environment thought when discussing the relationship between human and environment.His thoughts can be divided into environmental thought with geographical elements,ecological environment thought in life geography and thought about environmental variation.The core of his thoughts is to explore the relationship between human existence and natural environment,which is also the starting point for us to investigate the ecological environment today.Although Zhang Qiyun Ts ecological environment thought is still preliminary,not systematic and theoretical,it has its pioneering effects.It inherits the simple natural ecological concept of“the harmony between man and nature”in ancient China,and plays a linking role in the development history of the Chinese ecological thought.It also provides references for China’s current ecological civilization construction in theory and practice.