北京市高职院校专业设置与产业结构的适应性分析

Adaptability Analysis of Specialty Setting and Industrial Structure of Higher Vocational Colleges in Beijing

根据国家统计局及北京市政府发布的相关数据资料,利用匹配度和吻合度模型,分析"十二五"期间北京市高职院校专业设置与产业结构的适应性状况。结果表明,北京市高职院校专业设置与第二产业的匹配性最好,第一产业次之,第三产业最差。在高职院校设置的19类专业中,五个专业无人才培养需求,九个专业人才培养供过于求,五个专业人才培养供不应求。提升高职院校服务社会能力,需基于区域产业结构变化调整专业设置、供求平衡调控不同专业人才培养数量、特色职业院校建设目标设置特色专业,基于质量评价体制机制优化专业结构。

According to the relevant data from the national statistical bureau and Beijing government,and using the matching and fit degree models,the adaptability of specialty settings and industrial structure of higher vocational colleges in Beijing during the“12th Five-Year Plan”period has been analyzed.The results show that the specialty setting of higher vocational colleges in Beijing is the best match with the secondary industry,followed by the primary industry and the worst of the tertiary industry.Among the 19 cate-gories of specialties set up in higher vocational colleges,there are no talents training needs in five specialties,professional talents training is“excessive supply”in nine specialties,and professional talents training is“in short supply”in five specialties.To improve the ability of higher vocational colleges to serve the society,it is necessary to adjust the specialty settings based on regional industri-al structure changes,adjust and control the number of different professional talents based on the balance of supply and demand,set characteristic specialty based on the construction goals of featured vocational colleges,and optimize the specialty structure based on quality evaluation system and mechanism.