河南省湿地景观格局演变特征研究

Landscape Pattern Evolution Characteristics of Wetland in Henan Province

为了分析河南省湿地景观格局的演变特征,选用河南省1990、2012年的TM影像,选取景观破碎度指标、景观多样性指标、景观优势度指标、景观分维度指标对河南省近30年来湿地景观格局的变化进行研究.研究结果表明:1990年和2012年河南省湿地总面积分别是196 796. 45和197 227. 48 hm2,总面积增加了431. 03 hm2;其中水田面积增长的最快,从1990年的16 471. 22 hm2增长至2012年的40 959. 06 hm2,沼泽和河流面积减少,湖泊面积增加;湿地斑块总量增长,斑块平均面积缩小,景观破碎度从3. 232 8增长至5. 206 2,景观破碎化程度加剧;两个时期的景观优势度指数分别是1. 218 0和1. 203 6,景观优势度减小说明各湿地类型占总面积的比例差异减小;两个时期的多样性指数分别是1. 600 3和1. 614 7,多样性指数增加意味着优势景观的控制力减弱;景观分维数从1. 563 1增至1. 582 8,说明斑块形状趋于复杂化.

This paper analyzes the evolution of wetland landscape pattern in Henan Province in recent 30 years, chooses the TM images of Henan Province in 1990 and 2012, and selects the landscape fragmentation index, the landscape diversity index, the landscape dominance index, and landscape fractal index to study the change of wetland landscape pattern in Henan Province in the past 30 years. The results show that: the total area of wetlands of Henan Province in 1990 and 2012 was 196 796.45 hm^2 and 197 227.48 hm^2, an increase of 431.03 hm^2 . The paddy field area had the fastest growth rate increasing from 16 471.22 hm^2 in 1990 to 40 959.06 hm^2 in 2012. The marshes and river area was reduced, but the area of lakes had increased. The average patch size reduced, and the landscape fragmentation increased to 5.206 2 from 3.232 8, exacerbating the degree of landscape fragmentation. The landscape dominance index in the two periods of time was 1.218 0 and 1.203 6. The decrease of the landscape dominance index showed that the proportion of the wetland type to the total area was reduced. The diversity index in the two periods of time was 1.600 3 and 1.614 7. The increase in the diversity index meant that the control power of dominant landscape was weakening. The landscape fractal dimension increased from 1.563 1 to 1.582 8, indicating that the patch shapes tended to be complicated.