制度舞台中农村妇女的政治弱势及其改善建议

Rural women's political vulnerability, inspiration and the path of rule of law on the stage of system

农村妇女参与乡村公共政治生活是社会主义民主政治建设的重要内容,国家尝试通过从上至下的制度安排来实现男女政治地位平等。然而,制度规则未能发挥出其权威作用,农村妇女在乡村政治中仍处于弱势地位。鉴于此,基于对制度规范的分析,尝试从经济资源、文化素质、制度规则以及妇女社会组织缺乏等因素,来阐释和分析农村妇女处于政治弱势状态的原因,进而回答制度规则何以失灵。农村妇女政治弱势状态牵制了农村向真正意义上的法治社会迈进的步伐,同时也反映出在促进社会性别主流化方面,国家的政治承诺仍有待进一步实现。提出在制度层面,国家需要调整立法性别结构,建立性别平等评估机制,将性别指标纳入领导班子政绩考核等建议。

Women’s participation in rural public political life is a striking mark of constructing socialist democracy.At the national level,the Chinese government attempted to change the environment for women’s participation through a series of system arrangement from the top to bottom in the hope of attaining the equality between men and women.However,in fact,these systems failed to play their proper authoritative role and failed to break the unequal political gender structure in rural society,which resulted in rural women’s political poverty situation in rural political life and political relations.In view of this,based on the analysis of systems,the present study attempts to identify reasons behind rural women’s political poverty from the dimensions of economic resources,cultural capital,formal system and organizational support,thus further answering the question why systems have failed to play their due role.Rural women’s political poverty reflects that Chinese government’s systems for promoting the political development of rural women only have symbolic functions instead of playing an essential role,that some statutory provisions(that encourage rural women’s political participation in rural society)have not been fully implemented,which had an adverse effect on Chinese rural society’s pace of development towards a truly rule-of-law society,and that there is still a long way for China to fulfill its political promise on gender mainstreaming.Therefore,it is necessary for the Chinese government to adjust its existing thinking of modern development and to truly attach importance to the value of equality between men and women.