杭州湾传统海塘景观探究

Research on Traditional Sea Dike Landscape of Hangzhou Bay

杭州湾传统海塘是历史时期中国海塘的典型,历史悠久、类型丰富、体系完善,也是杭嘉湖平原、宁绍平原防洪抗潮的基本保障。文章从风景园林的角度,梳理钱塘江河口区域海塘修建的历史沿革,然后从主塘塘型、相关附属构造和建筑等方面总结海塘营建体系,并着重从海塘与水利系统、土地划分、聚落分布和布局等关系角度剖析了海塘对东南滨海地区传统人居环境的支撑作用。这对于了解中国类似地区景观的形成和形态结构具有较强的意义。

Hangzhou Bay traditional dike is typical in China.It has a long history,rich type and perfect system.It is also the basic infrastructure of Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain and Ning Shao Plain in flood control.From the perspective of landscape architecture,this paper sorts out the historical evolution of the construction of seawalls in the Qiantang River estuary area.Then it summarizes the dike construction system in terms of the main dike type,related ancillary structure and architecture.It gives priority to analyzing the support effect of dike on the traditional human settlement environment in the southeast coastal area,especially the relationship between the dike and the canal system,the dike and land layout,and the dike and settlement structure.This is of great significance to understand the formation and morphological structure of the lowland landscape in southeast China.