初中生考试焦虑及心理弹性的关系

The Relationship Between Test Anxiety and Resilience of Junior Middle School Students

目的探讨初中生考试焦虑现状以及与心理弹性的关系。方法采用考试焦虑量表和青少年心理韧性量表对上海市某区591名初中生进行测查。结果高焦虑学生有209名,占总人数的35.4%;中等焦虑的学生有250人,占总人数的42.3%;低焦虑的学生139名,占22.3%。初中生考试焦虑与心理弹性总分、目标专注、情绪控制、积极认知、家庭支持、人际协助方面呈显著负相关(P均<0.01)。女生的心理弹性总分、家庭支持及人际协助方面显著高于男生(P均<0.05);而在轻松感和积极倾听上男生显著高于女生(P均<0.01)。独生子女的初中生在情绪控制上显著高于多子女家庭的初中生(P<0.05)。不同年级的初中生在心理弹性总分、情绪控制、家庭支持及人际协助方面呈显著性差异(P均<0.05)。父亲文化程度在高中以上的初中生在弹性总分、情绪控制、家庭支持方面显著高于父亲文化程度在初中及以下的初中生(P均<0.05)。母亲文化程度在初中及以上的初中生在弹性总分、情绪控制方面显著高于母亲文化程度在小学及以下的初中生(P<均0.05)。结论初中生考试焦虑与心理弹性呈显著负相关;心理弹性受性别、年级、是否独生子女及父母受教育程度的影响。

Objective To explore the relationship between test anxiety and mental resilience of junior middle school students.Methods A total of 591 junior high school students in a district of Shanghai were tested with the Test Anxiety Scale and the Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale.Results A total of 209 students with high anxiety accounted for 35.4%of the total;250 students with moderate anxiety accounted for 42.3%of the total;139 students with low anxiety accounted for 22.3%.The test anxiety of junior high school students was negatively correlated with total score of resilience,goal focus,emotional control,positive cognition,family support,and interpersonal assistance(P all<0.01).Girls’total score of resilience,family support,and interpersonal assistance were significantly higher than boys’(P all<0.05);in terms of relaxation and active listening,boys were significantly higher than girls(P all<0.01).The emotional control of the only-child junior high school students was significantly higher than that of the multi-child family junior high school students(P all<0.05).There were significant differences in total scores of resilience,emotional control,family support,and interpersonal assistance among junior high school students of different grades(P all<0.05).The total score of resilience,emotional control,and family support of junior high school students with father’s educational level were significantly higher than those of junior high school students with father’s educational level(P all<0.05).The total score of resilience and emotional control of junior high school students whose mother’s educational level were higher than those of junior high school students whose mother's educational level was lower than that of primary school students(P all<0.05).Conclusion There was a significant negative correlation between test anxiety and mental resilience of junior high school students,which were affected by gender,grade,whether only children were the only child,and parents’education degree.