利用废弃地沟油制备脂肪酸丁酯硫酸钠的研究

A Study on Preparation of Butyl Fatty Acid Sodium Sulfate from Illegal Cooking Oil

地沟油的主要成分为长链脂肪酸甘油酯,其在酸性或碱性条件下发生水解获得地沟油酸(长链不饱和脂肪酸)。地沟油酸与正丁醇发生酯化反应制备地沟油酸丁酯,后者与发烟硫酸加成并经液碱反应后制得脂肪酸丁酯硫酸钠盐阴离子表面活性剂。通过对其溶解性能、表面张力、乳化性能和泡沫性能进行测试,得出的结果表明:产物在室温下的溶解性非常好;产物临界胶束浓度(cmc)为1.05g·L-1,对应的表面张力为34.62mN·m-1;产物的乳化性能优于Tween-85;当溶液浓度达到0.5g·L-1以上时,脂肪酸丁酯硫酸钠盐水溶液的起泡高度可达180mm以上,具有出色的泡沫稳定性。

The main component of illegal cooking oil is long-chain fatty acid glyceride which is hydrolyzed under acidic or alkaline conditions to obtain waste oleic acid(long-chain unsaturated fatty acid).The waste oleic acid can be used to prepare butyl oleate via esterification reaction with n-butanol.It can also be added with fuming sulfuric acid and then prepare butyl fatty acid sodium sulfate,a kind of anionic surfactant,via liquid alkali reaction.Through the tests on the product’s solubility,surface tension,emulsifying property and foaming property,the results show that the solubility of the product is very good at room temperature;the critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the product is 1.05g·L^-1,and the corresponding surface tension is 34.62mN·m^-1;the emulsifying property of the product is better than that of Tween-85;when the concentration of the solution reached above 0.5g·L^-1,the foaming height of butyl fatty acid sodium sulfate solution can reach more than 180 mm with excellent foam stability.