艺术“灵韵”与艺术大众化——重读本雅明的《机械复制时代的艺术作品》

On Aura and Popularization of Art——Revisit The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction by Benjamin

本雅明的机械复制观和"灵韵"说对艺术创作、艺术传播和艺术欣赏过程产生了重大影响。随着科学技术的不断进步,艺术的传播方式经历了由手工模仿向机械复制的转变过程。当艺术品被大量复制后,依附于原作的"灵韵"或会若有似无地消逝。但复制技术使深藏于博物馆和个人书斋的精品得以广泛传播,缩短了高雅艺术与普通大众之间的社会距离,改变了创作主体与欣赏者之间的相互关系,促使人们的审美方式和审美观念由传统向现代嬗变,从而极大地推动了艺术的大众化发展,较好地满足了人们享受美好生活的愿望和需求。

Benjamin’s concepts of mechanical reproduction and aura exert great influence on art production,communication and appreciation.Against the background of accelerated scientific and technological development,the communication of artistic products has gradually evolved from manual to mechanical reproduction.As a result of massive reproduction,the aura of artistic products might be damaged.Meanwhile,such reproduction makes it possible to spread the artistic products used to be kept in museums or personal studies,thus popularizing fine arts to the ordinary people,changing the relations between art producers and their audience,accelerating the transformation of the modes and concepts of artistic appreciation,and consequently popularizing fine arts to meet the need of ordinary people for a better life.