聊城市第四次精神障碍流行病学调查分析

Analysis of the fourth mental disorder epidemiological investigation in Liaocheng city

目的探究聊城市各类精神障碍的患病率及其分布特征和变化趋势。方法对聊城市3个县(区) 1 799名18岁及以上人群进行入户调查。采用一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)及相关问题调查问卷作为筛查工具。采用DSM-IV轴I障碍用临床定式检查量表(SCID-P)、美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第四版(DSM-IV)、简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)作为精神障碍诊断评定标准。结果各类精神疾病总患病率为20. 90%,高于山东省1984、1994、2004年的调查结果。精神疾病患者的共病现象较为普遍。心境障碍、物质使用障碍和焦虑障碍的患病人数多、患病率高,是三类最主要的精神疾病类型。男性精神疾病发病率高于女性; 36～55岁年龄组发病率最高。结论应采取医学及社会学等多方面措施遏制精神障碍患病率的上升;采取预防手段减少共病患病率;根据各病种患病率、性别及年龄分布特点,有针对性地采取防治措施、分配医疗资源,有效降低精神疾病患病率。

Objective To explore the prevalence rate,distribution characteristics and changing trend of various mental disorders in Liaocheng city.Methods A total of 1 799 adults aged above 18 from 3 counties(districts)in Liaocheng city were selected and assessed with General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12)and general information questionnaire.Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ-TR AxisⅠDisorders(SCID-P),The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Ⅳ(DSM-Ⅳ)and Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE)were used as diagnostic criteria for mental disorders.Results The prevalence rate of all kinds of mental disorders was 20.90%,which was significantly higher than that of 1984,1994 and 2004 in Shandong province.Comorbidities were common in patients with mental disorders.Three primary mental disorders were mood disorder,substance use disorder and anxiety disorder with large numbers of patients and high prevalence rates.The prevalence rate of mental disorders in males was significantly higher than that in females;and the prevalence rate in people aged from 36 to 55 was the highest.Conclusion Medical and sociological measures should be taken to curb the rise of mental disorders prevalence rate and to take preventive measures to reduce comorbidity.According to the characteristics of disorder prevalence,gender and age distribution,measures should be taken and medical resources should be allocated specifically to effectively reduce the prevalence of mental disorders.