植物修复技术在污染土壤修复中的应用

Practical Application of Phytoremediation Technology of Contaminated Soils

土壤是人类赖以生活和生产的最重要自然资源,但人类活动或自然作用能导致土壤污染。如何将被污染的土壤作为宝贵的自然资源进行修复是一个世界性的难题。近年来利用绿色植物修复污染土壤被视为一项新兴的绿色技术而迅速发展。本文就污染土壤的植物修复技术原理、研究现状、实用化促进等方面作一些介绍和讨论。植物修复技术是利用植物吸收、固定、挥发、降解的机能去除或分解转化污染物质,使土壤系统的功能得到恢复或改善,属于一种低成本、非破坏型的原位污染土壤修复与土壤资源保护方式。根据其作用过程和原理,可以分为植物萃取、根际过滤、植物固定、植物挥发、植物降解等类型。植物修复技术的研究在80年代之后逐渐展开,目前在重金属超富集型植物的发现和富集机理、各种无机污染物和有机污染物的植物修复与机理、修复效率促进、污染场地的试验性修复等方面得到广泛研究,但还没有达到广泛普及应用的程度。本文指出,对于范围广面积大的土壤污染,建立有效的收益型植物修复模式,将污染土壤作为可再生资源边利用边修复是非常必要的。

Soil is one of the most important natural resources supporting human life and social development.However,soil contamination by various inorganic and organic compounds has been a worldwide concern,and phytoremediation has received increasing attention in recent decades as a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach for remediation of these contaminants.Phytoremediation is the use of living plants to remove pollutants from the environment or to render them harmless.Phytoremediation to date indicates that it is applicable to a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants.However,its practical utilization has not been carried out extensively.This paper,involving our studies in recent years,described and discussed the phytoremediation on its working processes,research progress,and practical utilization.