德国生育津贴制度变迁的社会功用分析——从“养育津贴”到“父母津贴”

An Analysis of the Social Function of the Change of German Maternity Allowance System——From "Parenting allowance" to "Parental allowance"

文章从德国社会保障法中的生育津贴激励制度变迁研究入手,以比较法对其从1986年开始施行的"养育津贴"制度到2007年替代它的"父母津贴"制度进行社会功用分析。后者从津贴数额、领取期间、奖励政策三方面引致了深刻的社会改变,推动总生育率逐渐攀升,使低生育状况有了实质性改善。

This article takes empirically proved successful German social security law on the fertility allowance as a comparative law micro-system research path to analyze the Parenting allowance system from 1986 and the"Elterngeld"system taking replacement of it since 2007,exploring the social functions behind them.The latter has led to profound social changes in terms of the amount of allowances,the period of receipt and the incentive policy,which has led to a gradual rise in the total fertility rate and a substantial improvement in the low fertility situation.