回溯式时距估计的动态性及心理机制

The dynamic characteristic and mental mechanism of retrospective duration estimation

时间流逝过程中,回溯式时距估计动态性体现在短时延迟和长时发展两个方面。前者聚焦秒、分级的延迟,将其归为背景变化或由目标时距引发的认知差异;后者聚焦跨年龄(如婴儿、儿童到成年)的个体发展,认为主要是信息加工速度的差异。最后,从综合视角出发,认为其动态性可能是由不同时距信息心理表征的差异造成的,这体现时间认知的分段综合性。未来需以时间流逝的动态视角开展回溯式时距估计的心理表征研究,深入探讨与目标时距紧密相关的计时策略在回溯式时距估计中的作用,并扩展年龄、人格类型等个体差异方面的动态特征研究。

As time passes,the dynamic characteristic of retrospective duration estimation is reflected in two aspects:short-term delay and long-term development.The former focuses on delay in seconds and minutes,attributing to context changes or a series of cognitive differences caused by target duration.The latter emphasizes individual development across ages(such as infancy,childhood,and adulthood)and considers differences in the speed of information processing as the main cause.Finally,from a comprehensive perspective,it is believed that the dynamics may be due to distinct mental representation of duration from seconds to minutes,which reflects the range-synthetic characteristic of time cognition.Future research should focus on extending temporal representation in the process of time lapse,further explore the role of timing strategies closely related to the target intervals in the retrospective duration estimation,and expand the dynamic characteristic of individual differences such as age and personality type.