中学生器官捐献意愿及其影响因素的调查研究

Investigations on the willingness of organ donation and its impact factors among middle school students

目的探讨中学生器官捐献意愿的影响因素以及提高器官捐献意愿的有效措施。方法采用问卷法调查了广州市某中学228名中学生的人口、社会学资料、器官捐献意愿、知识和态度、死亡态度、利他主义行为以及家庭讨论意愿等。采用Spearman秩相关分析各变量与器官捐献意愿的相关性,多因素分析采用多重线性回归模型。结果中学生的自我器官捐献意愿、家人器官捐献意愿、器官捐献知识和态度的得分分别是(2.29±0.88、3.46±1.11、2.30±1.61、110.11±24.68)分。死亡态度得分最高的维度是自然接受维度(19.28±4.44)分,利他主义行为得分为(2.98±0.82)分,家庭讨论意愿得分是(4.28±1.54)分。有献血史且计划定期献血的学生比无献血史的器官捐献意愿得分高(P=0.004),器官捐献态度、利他主义行为、家庭讨论意愿及捐献家属器官意愿等因素与器官捐献意愿呈正相关(P <0.05),死亡态度中趋近接受维度与器官捐献意愿呈负相关(P <0.05)。结论中学生的器官捐献意愿处于中等水平,器官捐献态度、利他行为是中学生器官捐献意愿的预测因子,加强宣传教育、鼓励利他主义行为、完善激励补偿措施和相关法律法规等有助于提高器官捐献意愿。

Objective To investigate the impact factors of the willingness of organ donation among middle school students and effective measures to raise public awareness and willingness towards organ donation.Methods Questionnaires including demographic data,donation willingness,knowledge and attitude,death attitude,altruism behavior and family discussion about organ donation were delivered to 228 middle school students in Guangzhou.The correlation between the variables and the willingness of organ donation was analyzed with Spearman rank correlation,and the multivariate analysis was conducted by multiple linear regression model.Results The scores of willingness of self organ donation,willingness of relatives'organ donation,knowledge and attitude toward organ donation among middle school students were 2.29±0.88,3.46±1.11,2.30±1.61,110.11±24.68,respectively.The score on the neutral-acceptance dimension of death attitude was the highest 19.28±4.44.The score of altruism behavior was 2.98±0.82.The score of willingness to communication scale was 4.28±1.54.The students with history of blood donation and plan to regularly donate blood had higher willingness to donate organs(P=0.004).Willingness of organ donation was positively correlated with attitude towards organ donation,altruism behavior,willingness to communicate and willingness of relatives'organ donation(P<0.05).Approach acceptance dimension of death attitude was negatively relevant with willingness of organ donation(P<0.05).Conclusion The willingness of organ donation among middle school students were on the average level and its predictors were attitude toward organ donation and altruism behavior.Measurement such as reinforcement of propagenda education,incentive of altruism behavior and improvement of compensation and legislation systems may contribute to the enhancement of the public willingness to donate organ.