新时代体育治理体系与治理能力现代化建设的政府责任——基于元治理理论和体育改革实践的分析

Governmental Responsibilities for Modernizing Sport Governance System and Governance Capacity in the New Era——An Analysis Based on Meta-governance Theory and Sport Reform Practices

通过文献资料调研、实践考察、逻辑分析等研究方法,对我国体育治理体系与治理能力现代化中的政府责任进行了考察。研究认为,体育治理现代化要实现历史、现实与未来的衔接,实现对多元主体的地位认知和良性互动,要处理好"实然"与"应然"的关系。结果表明:西方语境下的治理理论在我国语境存在不完全匹配问题。基于元治理理论提出了政府在体育治理现代化进程中的责任担当,包括明确发展以人民为中心的体育,塑造法治和服务型政府的元目标;重视内部元治理,推行体育善政,打造体育"强政府";加大体育社会组织、市场主体扶持与优化,壮大体育"大社会";实现"政府-市场-社会-个人"在体育治理中的广泛参与,促进治理元协同等。通过对国家体育总局的改革实践考察,了解当前政府在体育治理现代化进程中的责任担当和不足。总体来说,国家体育总局在意识层面和顶层设计上已经做到了责任的基础架构,但依然存在改革的总体认识不到位,人民参与体育治理的机制设计不足,政府内部整体治理机制尚不健全,对治理主体培育尚存操作性困境等问题。基于此,提出了均衡政府体育发展责任目标,推行体育行政的整体性治理,落实社会市场主体自治治理,促成多主体协同互构;推动体育治理法治进程,强化元治理保障体系建设等政府责任优化路径。

By means of document research, practical investigation, logical analysis and other research methods, this study focuses on governmental responsibilities for modernizing sport governance system and governance capacity and holds the view that the modernization of sport governance relies on the combination of the past, the present and the future, the proper cognition of multiple subjects’ status and positive interaction, and rational disposition of the relation between “what it is” and “what it should be”. The incomplete equivalence of governance theory in the western context and domestic context is analyzed. Basedon meta-governance theory, this study holds that the governmental responsibilities for sport governance modernization should include the following contents: developing people-centered sports, constructing legal and service-oriented governments; laying more emphasis on interior meta-governance, carrying out good policies in sports and constructing a “strong government” in sports; paying more efforts on supporting and optimizing social organizations and market subjects of sports to expand the “sport -great-society”; achieving the wide participation of “government-market-society-individual” in sports governance to promote the meta-synergy of governance. Moreover, after observing the reform practices of General Administration of Sport of China, this study discusses the responsibilities of the government and its defects in realizing governance modernization. In general, although General Administration of Sport of China has achieved the infrastructure on the conscious level and the top design level, problems still exist: the general awareness of reform needs to be enhanced, the mechanism for the general public to participate in sport governance should be redesigned, the interior governance mechanism of the government is still deficient, and operational dilemma is encountered when breeding governance subjects. Based on the aforementioned, a series of optimization approaches are put forward in this article: the government should balance its responsibility goal in sports, carry out the integral governance of sport administration, implement self-governance of social market subjects, facilitate synergized inter-construction among multiple subjects, propel the legal process of sport governance, strengthen the guarantee system for meta-governance, etc.