作为“身体化”审美活动的体育健身的文化哲学研究——基于莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂和理查德·舒斯特曼身体思想

Physical Fitness:AStudy of Cultural Philosophy as a "Body-oriented" Aesthetic Activity——Based on Body Thought of Merleau-Ponty and Richard Schusterman

根据莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂和理查德·舒斯特曼身体思想,可揭示当今社会非常流行的"体育健身"这一身体文化所呈现的审美意蕴和哲学维度。首先,审美视角下体育健身的基本内涵包括:1)体育健身是以身体作为审美对象;2)体育健身是以身体作为审美主体;3)体育健身是"身体化"的审美活动。其次,体育健身作为"身体化"的审美活动,哲学基本理论要素:1)其哲学基础是生命满足的直接体验;2)其关照对象是健康而美丽的身体形态;3)其涉身机制是自由的全身心体验与践履;4)其社会功能是促进人的自由全面发展;5)其应用价值是"体验经济"。作为"身体化"审美活动的体育健身,其审美特性包括感官超越视听和功能超越欣赏。体育健身对于人们良好"生活品质"的达成有着不可替代的作用。体育健身的哲学阐释对于中国体育产业的发展有如下启示:体育健身消费属于体验型消费,体育健身消费不仅是提高国民身体素质的健康工程,更是满足体验时代下人们追求时尚与美丽、个性与自我认同的经济工程。因此,力求对中国体育健身市场的精准开发,从而引导大众对体育健身消费的投入,最终促进中国体育产业的发展,这不仅是一个经济性问题,更是带有社会进步意义的战略性问题。

According to Merleau-Ponty and Richard Schusterman's body thought, the aesthetic implication and philosophical dimension of "physical fitness", a very popular body culture in today's society, are profoundly revealed. Firstly, the basic connotation of physical fitness from the aesthetic perspective: 1) Physical fitness takes the body as the aesthetic object; 2) Physical fitness takes the body as the aesthetic subject; 3) Physical fitness is an aesthetic activity of "body-oriented". Secondly, Physical fitness asa "body-oriented" aesthetic activity, the basic theoretical elements of philosophy are as follows: 1) Its philosophical basis is "the direct experience of life satisfaction; 2) The object of care is the "healthy and beautiful" body form; 3) Its body involvement mechanism is "free whole-body experience and practice"; 4) Its social function is to "promote the free and all-round development of human beings; 5) Its application value is "experience economy".As a "body-oriented" aesthetic activity, physical fitness has the following aesthetic characteristics: 1) Senses beyond vision and hearing; 2) Function beyond appreciation. Fourthly, this paper also discusses that physical fitness plays an irreplaceable role in achieving people's good "quality of life". Finally, the philosophical interpretation of physical fitness has the following enlightenment for the future development of China's sports industry: physical fitness consumption belongs to "experiential consumption", Physical fitness consumption is not only a healthy project to improve the national physical quality, but also an economic project to meet people's pursuit of fashion and beauty, personality and self-identity in the era of "experience". Therefore, strive to "accurate" development of Chinese sports fitness market, so as to guide the public spending on sports fitness consumption, ultimately promote the development of sports industry in China, it is more than just an economic problem, but also the strategic issues of social progress significance, all these require the Chinese sports industry practitioners, managers and even policy makers to think deeply.