金属有机骨架材料在放射性核素去除中的研究

Removal of Radionuclides by Metal-organic Framework-based Materials

核能利用的过程中,从铀矿开采、核燃料加工、核能发电到乏燃料后处理,会产生大量放射性废物,部分放射性核素会不可避免的释放到环境中,对环境和人类健康造成重大危害。放射性核素的高效去除是核电健康发展的重要关键科学问题之一。近年来,高化学稳定性、具有大量功能基团而且结构可调的多孔金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)在放射性污染治理方面受到国内外同行的高度关注。本文系统地介绍了MOFs及MOFs复合材料在放射性核素吸附去除方面的研究进展,通过宏观吸附、模型分析、先进光谱表征和理论计算四个方面描述放射性核素与MOFs材料的界面作用机理,并对MOFs材料的吸附性能与其它材料进行对比,评价MOFs材料在放射性污染治理中的应用前景。

With the development of nuclear energy,the long-lived radionuclides are inevitably released into the natural environment during the mine process,fuel manufacture,nuclear power usable and spent fuel management,which are dangerous to human health and environmental pollution.Thereby the efficient elimination of radionuclides is an important parameter which affects the development of nuclear power.In recent years,the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted worldwide attention in the adsorption of radionuclides from large volume of aqueous solutions,because of their high chemical stability,abundant functional groups and changeable porous structures.In this review,we mainly summarized the recent works of MOFs in the efficient removal of radionuclides,and to understand the interaction mechanism from batch adsorption experiments,model analysis,advanced spectroscopy analysis,and theoretical calculation.The adsorption capacities of MOFs with other materials were also summarized,and the future research opportunities and challenges are given in the perspective.