三江源地区可持续发展的生态足迹

Analysis on ecological footprint of sustainable development in Sanjiangyuan Region

三江源的生态问题对全国生态和经济具有十分重要的影响,研究其环境与社会经济发展的可持续性具有重要意义。本研究利用生态足迹模型对三江源2000–2012年的生态足迹、生态承载力和生态盈余进行计算分析。结果表明,2000–2012年三江源人均生态足迹呈上升趋势,各土地利用类型分配不均,其中耕地供给率最大,其后依次为林地、水域、草地、化石燃料用地和建筑用地。人均生态承载力呈下降趋势,按降幅由多到少依次为建筑用地40%、草地29.95%、耕地20%、林地14.81%、水域2%。另外,草地对生态承载力的贡献最大,年均贡献率达41%,其次为林地,为38%。三江源整体呈生态盈余,但盈余有下降趋势,且不同土地类型生态盈亏也存在差异,其中草地和林地为生态盈余,耕地和化石燃料用地为生态赤字,水域和建筑用地开始由生态盈余转为生态赤字。

The ecological problems of Sanjiangyuan Region have a very important impact on the national ecology and economy. It is of great significance to study the sustainability of its environmental and socioeconomic development. The study used the ecological footprint model to calculate and analyze the ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological surplus of Sanjiangyuan from 2000 to 2012 year. The research results showed that the per capita ecological footprint of Sanjiangyuan was on an upward trend from 2000 to 2012, and the land use types were unevenly distributed. Among the above 6 land use types, the supply rate of crop land was the largest, followed by forest land, water land, grassland, and the supply rate of fossil fuel land and built-up land. Per capita ecological carrying capacity showed a downward trend. The order of decline was 40% for built-up land, 29.95% for grassland, 20% for crop land, 14.81% for woodland, and 2% for water. In addition, the grassland contributed the most to the ecological carrying capacity, with an annual average contribution rate of 41%, followed by 38% for forest land; Sanjiangyuan Region had an overall ecological surplus, but the surplus had a downward trend. There were also differences in the ecological gains and losses of different land types. Among them, grass land and forest land were ecological surpluses, and the crop land and fossil fuel land were ecological deficits. Water land and built-up land began to shift from ecological surpluses to ecological deficits.