病害对豆科牧草光合作用、营养成分及根瘤的影响

Effect of disease on photosynthesis,nutrition,and nodulation of leguminous forage

病害是牧草生产的主要限制因素之一,可降低牧草产量、影响牧草品质,严重时导致植物死亡,从而引致草地早衰和退化,甚至导致家畜中毒,降低家畜生产性能。为此,本文归纳了近年来国内外霜霉病、锈病、白粉病、褐斑病、根腐病等病害对豆科(Leguminosae)牧草紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)等光合作用、营养成分及其根瘤影响的研究结果。总体上,病原菌侵染会破坏叶片和根瘤的正常结构,降低牧草的光合和固氮能力,植株代谢功能失调和病原菌毒力物质的合成、释放也会改变植株营养成分,同时分析了病害对豆科牧草生理生长、营养成分、根瘤形成和固氮作用的影响机理,以期为今后豆科牧草病害研究和防控提供参考。

Disease is one of the main limiting factors in pasture production. Many diseases can reduce pasture production and affect pasture quality, leading to plant death in severe cases, but often leading to premature senescence and degradation of the pasture. It can also cause livestock poisoning, and reduce livestock production performance. This article summarizes the effects of diseases, such as downy mildew, rust, powdery mildew, brown spot, and root rot, on the photosynthesis, nutrient composition, and root nodules of leguminous forage, such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa), erect milkvetch (Astragalus adsurgens), and common vetch (Vicia sativa). In general, infection by pathogens can destroy the normal structure of leaves and nodules, reduce photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation capacity of forage, and cause metabolic dysfunction of the plants. Plant metabolic dysfunction and synthesis and release of pathogenic virulence substances also alter plant nutrients. The mechanism of the effects of disease on the physiological growth, nutrient composition, nodule formation, and nitrogen fixation of leguminous herbage was analyzed to provide a reference for research and the prevention and control of leguminous diseases in the future. Furthermore, there are prospects for research in this field combined with the needs of the country's industries, and suggestions are made for future research.