种植密度对不同品种青贮玉米生物产量和品质的影响

Effect of different planting densities on bio mass yield and quality for various varieties of silage maize

为寻求青贮玉米(Zea mays)适宜种植密度,以6个青贮玉米品种为试验材料,研究种植密度对其生物产量、农艺性状及其营养品质的影响,以期筛选出适宜种植密度下生物产量高、营养品质好、综合性状优良的青贮玉米新品种,为试验区青贮玉米生产技术提供优化依据。结果表明,生物产量随种植密度的增加而增加,6个品种高、中密度较低密度分别增产8.1%～43.0%和5.0%～19.9%,以陇青贮2号和北农青贮368增产幅度较大。随着种植密度的增大,各品种青贮玉米收获天数延长,茎粗减小,持绿性降低,其中高密度较低密度收获天数延长3.2%～10.6%,茎粗减小6.0%～22.8%,持绿性降低2.7%～3.9%。各品种青贮玉米粗脂肪含量随种植密度的增加而降低,高密度较低密度降低6.8%～13.5%;相反中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量随种植密度的增加而升高,高密度较低密度增加5.0%～8.5%和5.9%～16.2%。综合生物产量、农艺性状、品质等相关性状,在张掖地区适栽青贮玉米品种为陇青贮2号、武科青贮107和北农青贮368,其中陇青贮2号和北农青贮368适宜种植密度为7.5万株·hm^(-2),武科青贮107适宜种植密度为9万株·hm^(-2)。

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of planting density on biomass yield, agronomic characters and nutritional quality. Six silage maize varietieswrer studied to provid a basis for optimizing silage maize production technology based on selecting suitable planting density to obtain high biological yield, good nutritional quality, and the best comprehensive properties of silage maize varieties. The results showed that the biological yield was increased with the increase of planting density, high and medium density had greater biological yield from 8.1% to 43.0% and 5.0% to 19.9%, respectively, than that of low density for the 6 silage maize varieties. In particular, Gansu silage 2 and Hokuno silage 368 demonstrated better resuilts in the increase of biological yield. Harvest day of silage maize was delayed, stem diameter and stay green were decreased with the increase in planting density. Compared to low density, high density increased harvest day by 3.2% to 10.6%, decreased stem diameter and stay green from 6.0% to 22.8% and 2.7% to 3.9%, respectively. The effect of planting density on crude fat was significant, and the crude fat content was decreased with the increase in density. The crude fat content at high density was from 6.8% to 13.5% lower than that of low density. However, the content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was increased with the increase of density, high density had greater neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber by 5.0% to 8.5% and 5.9% to 16.2%, respectively, than that of the low density plantings. Overall, integrated biological yield, agronomic traits, quality traits, the suitable silage maize in the Zhangye area was Gansu silage 2, Wu Ke 107, and Hokuno silage 368. The appropriate planting density for Gansu silage 2 and Hokuno silage 368 was 7.5 × 10^4 plants·ha^–1, and the appropriate planting density of Wu Ke silage 107 was 9 × 10^4 plants·ha^–1.